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Assessment of fuel spraying using schlieren system

100%

Klimkiewicz M., Tomczykowski P., Sloma J., Mruk R.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Agriculture

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2015

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nr 65 Agric.Forest Eng.

This paper presents results of research on spraying a diesel oil, bioester, alternative fuel, which can be rapeseed oil and mixtures of fuels that can be used to fire engines with compression ignition. The fuels were sprayed using an injector with a pintile spray tip. This type of an injector is used in engines of older construction with indirect injection, which commonly utilize alternative fuels. In order to visualize the jets a schlieren system was utilized. The collected photos were used to determine the cone angle of the jet. Among the fuels tested the rapeseed oil was characterized by the worse spraying characteristics. The average value of the angle for jets of this type of an oil significantly deviated from the average angles of the remaining fuels. Bioester, obtained from a process of transesterification of the rapeseed oil, was characterized by a very good spray angle. Its average cone angle was very high. The differences in angles were mostly due to the viscosity of different fuels. Average jet angles of the sprayed fuel for the rapeseed oil after it was supplemented with fuels of lower viscosity -ethylene and ethyl alcohol in an amount of 15% -increased however the difference between the angles proved statistically insignificant.

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The effect of spraying frequency and the dose of Euparen applied on the control of the strawberry gray mold (Botrytis cinerea Pers.)

100%

Bera B.

Fruit Science Reports

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1987

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tom 14

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nr 1

3

Zdazyc przed zima

100%

Kurzynska B.

Biuletyn Informacyjno-Handlowy. Ośrodek Doradztwa Rolniczego Boguchwała

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1997

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nr 11

9

4

Spraying application of pesticides and the environment - a micro-data base under preparation

100%

Gabir I.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio E. Agricultura

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2004

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tom 59

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nr 4

5

Model based decision support system of operating settings for MMAT nozzles

100%

Fritz B. K., Czaczyk Z., Hoffmann W. C.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2016

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tom 56

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nr 2

Droplet size, which is affected by nozzle type, nozzle setups and operation, and spray solution, is one of the most critical factors influencing spray performance, environment pollution, food safety, and must be considered as part of any application scenario. Characterizing spray nozzles can be a timely and expensive proposition if the entire operational space (all combinations of spray pressure and orifice size, what influence flow rate) is to be evaluated. This research proposes a structured, experimental design that allows for the development of computational models for droplet size based on any combination of a nozzle’s potential operational settings. The developed droplet size determination model can be used as Decision Support System (DSS) for precise selection of sprayer working parameters to adapt to local field scenarios. Five nozzle types (designs) were evaluated across their complete range of orifice size (flow rate*) and spray pressures using a response surface experimental design. Several of the models showed high level fits of the modeled to the measured data while several did not as a result of the lack of significant effect from either orifice size (flow rate*) or spray pressure. The computational models were integrated into a spreadsheet based user interface for ease of use. The proposed experimental design provides for efficient nozzle evaluations and development of computational models that allow for the determination of droplet size spectrum and spraying classification for any combination of a given nozzle’s operating settings. The proposed DSS will allow for the ready assessment and modification of a sprayers performance based on the operational settings, to ensure the application is made following recommendations in plant protection products (PPP) labels.

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Technika opryskow roslin

100%

Abramowicz Z.

Biuletyn Informacyjno-Handlowy. Ośrodek Doradztwa Rolniczego Boguchwała

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1995

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nr 04

9

7

Quality evaluation of working with drift guard nozzles and air induction nozzles in maize spraying

100%

Gajtkowski A., Migdalska-Kustosik P., Bzdega W.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2006

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tom 46

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nr 4

379-385

The subject of the performed experiments comprised standard XR 110 02, XR 110 04 nozzles, TT 110 02, TT 110 04 nozzles and AI 110 02, AI 110 04 air induction nozzles. The working speed of spraying was vp = 7 km/h. Each nozzle was tested at the following three levels of working pressures: p1 = 0.2 MPa, p2 = 0.4 MPa ad p3 = 0.6 MPa. The spray liquid was pure water at the temperature of 20°C. The plant coverage was determined: sk – spray coverage, nk – number of droplets per 1 cm2. The analysis of results of maize spraying showed that both standard nozzles and both TT nozzles achieved better results with number of droplets and degree of surface coverage for each of applied operating pressure. The lowest results from all examined kind of nozzles for number of droplets achieved injector nozzles (AI). For operating pressure 0.4 MPa nozzles fulfilled agrotechnical requirements for using insecticids, herbicides and fungicides.

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Mathematical model of cross-distribution non-uniformity for twin flat nozzle

100%

Nowakowski T., Osko M.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Agriculture

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2017

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nr 69

9

Increasing the efficiency of spraying of orchards

100%

Gajtkowski A.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2002

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tom 42

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nr 2

Orchards are sprayed at the agro-technical speed ranging from 4 to 6 km per hour. The research paid attention to the influence of a higher speed reaching 8 km/h on the quality of orchard trees spraying. Applying higher speed causes a labour efficiency increase while spraying and reduces time of treatment performance. However, increasing the speed should not decrease the quality of leaf coverage with the sprayed liquid. The results of the carried out research indicate a possibility of increasing the working speed without deteriorating the quality of spraying in dwarf orchards.

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Spraying of wheat by field sprayer equipped with an air sleeve and drift guard nozzles

100%

Gajtkowski A.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2001

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tom 41

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nr 3

The quality of wheat spraying obtained white applying drift guard Turbo TeeJet 110 02 VP nozzles was tested. A standard boom and a boom equipped with an air sleeve were applied. Krukowiak-Bravo sprayer was used to test the influence of the air flux. The coverage was estimated on water sensitive papers. The spray coverage of wheat with TT 110 02 VP nozzles was satisfactory, both in case of conventional and air assisted applications.

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Model empiryczny wspolczynnika zmiennosci poprzecznej oprysku w zaleznosci od parametrow technicznych opryskiwacza

84%

Nowakowski T.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

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2006

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tom 508

125-130

W pracy przedstawiono model empiryczny współczynnika zmienności oprysku dla rozpylaczy szczelinowych w zależności od wysokości i kąta ustawienia belki polowej oraz ciśnienia cieczy. Stwierdzono, że najkorzystniejsze warunki pracy ze względu na najniższą wartość współczynnika zmienności poprzecznej oprysku obserwowano dla ustawienia belki polowej na wysokości 0,6-0,7 m przy jej poziomym położeniu i ciśnieniu cieczy w zakresie 0,25-0,30 MPa.

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The effect of late spraying with calcium nitrate on mineral contents in ‘Elise’ apples

84%

Domagala-Swiatkiewicz I., Blaszczyk J.

Folia Horticulturae

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2007

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tom 19

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nr 2

13

W tym sezonie zabieg T-2 to obowiązek

84%

Korbas M., Horoszkiewicz-Janka J.

Farmer

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2018

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nr 04

14

Rezultaty badan stanu technicznego opryskiwaczy polowych i zabiegow nimi wykonywanych

84%

Jarmocik E., Rowinski R. S.

Progress in Plant Protection

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1996

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tom 36

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nr 1

366-372

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Observation on the influence of spraying potatoes with lupine extract on the feeding and development of potato-beetle population (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say.)

84%

Krzymanska J., Waligora D., Michalski Z., Peretiatkowicz M., Gulewicz K.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Biological Sciences

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1988

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tom 36

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nr 1-3

16

Oprysk scierniskowy

84%

Biuletyn Informacyjno-Handlowy. Ośrodek Doradztwa Rolniczego Boguchwała

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1996

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nr 07-08

25

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Ocena przydatnosci recznych opryskiwaczy rotacyjnych Ulvafan MK 2 i Ulva plus w ochronie roslin szklarniowych

84%

Gorski R., Baranowski T., Ratajkiewicz H.

Progress in Plant Protection

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1998

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tom 38

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nr 2

562-564

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Influence of rootstock, cultivar and Ergoplant biostimulant on the growth of maiden pear trees in nursery and physiological compatibility

84%

Swierczynski S., Stachowiak A., Swierczynska I., Golcz-Polaszewska M.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2014

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tom 13

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nr 6

Environmental protection imposes strict limitations in using fertilizers and plant protection products. This is why there is a need for research on using plant products in horticultural production. In the experiment conducted in the years 2009–2012 the influence of spraying of maiden pear trees with ERGOPLANT biostimulant was estimated. Growth of ‘Isolda’, ‘Conference’ and ‘Uta’ maiden pear trees budded on two types of quince rootstock S1 and MA was compared. The application of biostimulant ERGOPLANT increased significantly growth of maiden pear trees and their compatibility with the Polish Norm. The examined rootstocks influenced significantly number of roots of maiden pear trees. The biggest diameter and the best quality of maiden pear trees was obtained for ‘Uta’. Maiden leaves of this cultivar had also a higher content of chlorophyll compared with the two remaining cultivars. In cross sections of anatomic connections of ‘Isolda’ or ‘Uta’, with quince rootstocks especially with MA, the presence of a layer of necrotic cells was observed.

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