Wyniki wyszukiwania - AGRO

1

Plant-microbes interactions: possible outlook

100%

Suslova O., Samojlenko T.

Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences

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2011

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tom 61

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nr Suppl.1

2

Effect of soil pollution on bacterial resistance to lead ions: an experimental approach

86%

Blaszak M., Bienkowska D.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2009

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tom 57

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nr 3

555-560

The objective of the laboratory experiment was to study the resistance to lead ions of bacteria isolated from soil with various level of contamination with this element. Lead (II) acetate trihydrate was applied to the soil (sandy loam) in two doses so that the total content of lead corresponded to weak (250 mg kg⁻¹) and strong (5000 mg kg⁻¹) contamination of soil with lead. From each of the soil (control, weakly and strongly contaminated soil) bacterial isolates were obtained and several dozen of them were randomly chosen for the experiment. The isolates were severally point wise cultured in three repetitions onto microbiological medium contaminated with lead (1000 mg dm⁻³) and on the same control medium. The diameter of grown “twin” colonies in both cultures were compared. For each isolate separately the resistance index (RI) was described as a ratio of bacterial cultures diameter of the soil isolate cultured on the contaminated medium to the diameter of the same isolate cultured on the control medium. On the basis of the various RI results, the bacteria were divided into four resistance groups (RG) of approximate resistance index: I group, RI = 0 – entirely sensitive bacteria (no growth on the contaminated medium); II group 0

3

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Microbiome of soil contaminated by fuels

86%

Hawrot-Paw M., Izwikow M.

Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis. Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica

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2015

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tom 36

4

Occurrence of selected soil microorganisms in points located by the main transport routes of Krakow

86%

Wolny-Koladka K., Malinowski M., Blok B.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2015

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nr IV/4

5

Remediation of soil contaminated with cadmium

86%

Zaborowska M., Kucharski J., Wyszkowska J.

Journal of Elementology

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2015

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tom 20

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nr 3

The search for the best solutions to restore soil balance is essential for attaining a stable and sustainable agricultural development worldwide. This research, which makes a contribution to these investigations, focuses on four substances (two innovative ones: basalt flour, brown algal extract, and two classic soil improvers: finely ground barley straw and compost) which can potentially alleviate the inhibitory effect of Cd2+ on the soil environment. The following were analyzed: the activity of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase, counts of Pseudomonas sp., cellulolytic bacteria, copiotrophic bacteria and copiotrophic spore-forming bacteria, and the yield of spring barley. Cadmium (Cd2+) was applied as CdCl2 · 2.5H2O in the following doses: 0, 4, 40, 80, 120, 160, and 200 mg Cd2+ kg-1 of soil. For a more complete assessment of the soil, its biochemical properties and the counts of microorganisms were scrutinized with the following indices: RS – soil resistance, R:S – rhizosphere effect and EF – fertilization effect of the contamination alleviating substances. It was found that alkaline phosphatase is more sensitive to cadmium contamination of the soil than acid phosphatase. Cadmium did not exert any inhibitory effect on the number of microorganisms present or the yield of spring barley. Cellulolytic bacteria were the least sensitive to stress associated with the accumulation of high cadmium doses in the soil, whereas copiotrophic bacteria were the most sensitive microorganisms to the above stressor. The ability of cadmium-polluted soil to restore homeostasis depended on the type of a soil improver and the level of soil contamination. Negative consequences of cadmium pollution were effectively mitigated by straw, but less so by brown algal extract and basalt flour.

6

Count of soil microorganisms in horticultural soils of different acidification

86%

Wyszkowska J., Kucharski J., Benedycka Z.

Natural Sciences

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2001

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tom 08

123-134

7

Biological properties of soil contaminated with the herbicide Apyros 75 WG

86%

Kucharski J., Wyszkowska J.

Journal of Elementology

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2008

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tom 13

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nr 3

The objective of the study has been to determine the effect of the herbicide Apyros 75 WG on counts of various aerobic microorganisms, activity of soil enzymes and yields of spring wheat. For this purpose, a pot experiment was carried out in a greenhouse. Samples of soil used for the trials represented loamy sand. Having mixed the soil samples with mineral fertilizers, doses of the herbicide were added and the soil was placed in plastic pots. The lowest herbicide dose was the optimum dose recommended by the producer, and the two other doses were 10- and 100-fold higher. The experiment was conducted in two series: I – unsown soil, and II – soil under spring wheat. It has been determined that Apyros 75 WG disturbs soil’s homeostasis, as it disrupts multiplication of some microbial groups, inhibits the activity of soil enzymes and depresses the yield of spring wheat, even if applied in a recommended dose. Among the soil enzymes, dehydrogenases and urease were the least tolerant to the effect of the herbicide, whereas alkaline phosphatase proved to be the most tolerant one. The vulnerability of microorganisms to soil pollution with the herbicide can be arranged in the following decreasing order: ammonifying bacteria > Pseudomonas > copiotrophic bacteria > oligotrophic bacteria > nitrogen binding bacteria > spore-forming oligotrophic bacteria > Arthrobacter > cellulolytic bacteria > Actinomyces > fungi. Growing spring wheat had a positive effect on the counts of microorganisms and activity of soil enzymes.

8

Effect of Brassicaceae plants on the nematodes Paratylenchus spp. and soil microorganisms

86%

Kowalska B., Smolinska U.

Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin

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2001

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tom 55

9

Microbial transformation of cadmium in two soils differing in organic matter content and texture

86%

Czaban J., Wroblewska B.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2005

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tom 14

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nr 6

Results of laboratory soil suspension experiments with two soils differing in organic C content (1.1 and 4.2%) and texture (14.6 – 61.0 – 24.4% and 67.5 – 20.0 -12.5% for sand – silt – clay, respectively) showed that intensive microbial growth after the addition of a sucrose nutrient medium (SNMed) caused partial transformation of the solid phase Cd to forms soluble in 0.1 M NaOH. The transformation of Cd was accompanied by a simultaneous decrease of the solid phase Cd extractability by a solvent consisting of 0.005 M DTPA + 0.01 M CaCl2 + 0.1 M triethanolamine (DTPA). These changes of the solid phase Cd extractability were probably caused by Cd binding to microbial biomass and microbial metabolism products. After the addition of SNMed, a concomitant phenomenon of an increase of Cd DTPA-extractability was observed, especially in the case of the course-textured soil with the higher organic C content. In a soil (not soil suspension) experiment, stimulation of microbial growth by SNMed addition caused different changes of Cd DTPA-extractability in the examined soils. In the fine-textured soil with the lower organic C content the process decreasing the solid phase Cd solubility in DTPA prevailed, but in the other soil, the opposite phenomenon predominated. The occurrence in nature of the phenomena observed under laboratory conditions is discussed.

10

72%

Wolinska A., Stepniewska Z., Woloszyn A., Pytlak A., Dziuba A.

Acta Agrophysica. Rozprawy i Monografie

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2011

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nr 3[194]

17

Ksztaltowanie sie zbiorowisk mikroorganizmow w glebie pod wplywem chitozanu i uprawy fasoli wielokwiatowej [Phaseolus coccineus L.]

72%

Pieta D., Pastucha A., Struszczyk H., Wojcik W.

Acta Agrobotanica

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2001

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tom 54

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nr 2

105-115

The subject of the studies was the soil with introduced solutions containing 0.1 % chitosan. These materials were obtained from the Institute of Chemical Fibres in Łódź (in the form of a microcrystalline gel) and also from the Department of Food Biochemistry and Chemistry of the University of Agriculture in Lublin (in a liquid form, Le. dissolved in acetic acid). In order to set an experiment in a growth chamber, grey brown podzolic soil formed from loesses and taken from a mechanically treated belt of black fallow was used. The soil (1000 g) was watered every 8 days with 100 ml of examined chitosan solutions per pot. Control soil was watered with sterile distilled water. Seven days after each watering, soil samples were taken for microbiological analysis. Then 25 runner bean seeds were sown into each pot. After six weeks of plants' growth the experiment was finished and the number of plants was counted, their healthiness deterrmined and soil microbiological analysis was performed. Regardless of chitosan form introduced to the soil it stimulated the growth of bacteria and fungi, since in these experimentall combinations was found a significantly higher number of microorganisms as compared with the control. A particular high increase in the number of microorganism colonies was observed with simultaneous growth of plants and the application of chitosan. A considerable increase of fungi colonies from the Trichoderma genu s was found in the soil treated with chitosan in the form of both a microcrystalline gel and a liquid. The species of this genus are considered to be antagonists; it affects pathogenic fungi through competition, antibiosis and over-parasitism. An increase in colonies of saprophytic microorganisms, including antagonistic ones of Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. was observed in the soi l treated with chitosan . On the other hand, in the soil after the growth of bean and treated watered with chitosan only few colonies of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. phaseoli - bean pathogen were found. The healthiness of plants grown in soil treated with chitosan was significantly better as compared to the control. The populations of antagonistic microorganisms formed in the soil in these treatments probably limited the growth of pathogenic fungus.

18

The influence of soil microorganisms and bio- or -organic fertilizers on dissipation of some pesticides in soil and potato tubers

72%

Shalaby S. E. M., Abdou G. Y.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2010

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tom 50

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nr 1

86-92

The influence of soil microorganisms, biofertilizer and compost fertilization on the persistence of the two organphosphorus insecticides, chlorpyrifos, ethoprophos and carbamate insecticide, carbofuran were studied under semifield experimental conditions. Residue analysis of the initial samples of the three applied pesticides, chlorpyrifos, ethoprophos and carbofuran was relatively high (68.3, 76.0 and 80.9 ppm, respectively) in uncultivated, unfertilized and unsterilized soil. These amounts were decreased to 10.12, 14.6 and 12.0 ppm showing 85.18, 80.79 and 85.17% loss, respectively at 6 weeks after treatments. The initial deposits of these pesticides in potato cultivated soils (control) were 70.77, 74.17 and 81.17 ppm, respectively, graduate dissipation of tested pesticides was noticed through the successive intervals. At the end of the experimental period, residues detected revealed 93.0, 91.5 and 94.37% loss, respectively. Addition of certain bioactive (microbal and compost) amendments was able to induce the pesticide degradation in the contaminated soil (the highest degradation levels was noticed in biofertilized soil, > 99.99, 99.33 and 96.11%). On the other hands, obtained data clearly showed that microorganisms living in soil play role in pesticide biodegradation. In other words, the percentages of loss of chlorpyrifos, ethoprophos and carbofuran residues were 86.35, 83.91 and 82.32% in sterilized soils, respectively, at 6 weeks after treatments. Obtained data indicated also, the residual values of tested insecticides on or in potato tubers were more than the maximum residue limits (MRL) in all treatments, this means that the tested insecticides have a translocation and accumulating properties in potato tubers.

19

Effect of application of EM spraying on the populations and activity of soil microorganisms occurring in the root zone of spring barley

72%

Wielgosz E., Dziamba S., Dziamba J.

Polish Journal of Soil Science

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2010

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tom 43

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nr 1

The objective of the study was comparison of populations of selected physiological groups of bacteria, and determination of their enzymatic and biochemical activity in soil under a culture of spring barley after the application with effective microorganisms (EM) and without such a treatment. The application of spraying with the EM biopreparation caused an initial decrease in the numbers of most of the studied physiological groups of microorganisms and lowering of the activity of the enzymes under study, after which certain increasing trends were observed.

20

The effect of manganese ions on development and antagonism of Trichoderma isolates

72%

Jaworska M., Dluzniewska J.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2007

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tom 16

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nr 4

549-553

This work presents results on the effect of manganese ions on the development and biological activities of the fungal antagonists Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma pseudokoningii and Trichoderma viride. The effects of manganese on linear growth of Trichoderma spp. depend on the metal concentration and the fungal species. T. harzianum proved the most sensitive fungus. on the other hand, none of the applied manganese ion concentrations inhibited mycelial growth of T. viride. At the highest concentration of 800 ppm, manganese ions caused a weakening of the conidial germination of T. harzianum and T. viride. An increase in manganese ion concentrations had a negative influence on the effect of T. harzianum on Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia solani.

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