Wyniki wyszukiwania

1

A flexible arrangement for the study of moles in captivity

100%

Borroni A., Loy A., Capanna E.

Acta Theriologica

|

1999

|

tom 44

|

nr 2

A new arrangement for keeping moles in captivity was designed by combining newly conceived units and different types of structures previously described by other authors. The structure is especially devoted to long term studies, such as those on activity patterns and reproductive and social behaviours. A simple and economic system for automatic recording of activity rhythms in moles is also presented and discussed.

2

Levels of social tolerance between snow voles Chionomys nivalis during over-wintering periods

88%

Luque-Larena J. J., Lopez P., Gosalbez J.

Acta Theriologica

|

2002

|

tom 47

|

nr 2

We examined winter social behaviour of the snow vole Chionomys nivalis Martins, 1842, a rock-dwelling microtine found principally in high-mountain biotopes. We conducted dyadic encounters among wild-caught C. nivalis to determine patterns of intraspecific tolerance and the degree of aggressiveness between and within sexes during wintering periods. Our data show a high frequency of agonistic behaviours in all social encounters. Male pairs spent less time being aggressive than female pairs but more time in investigative behaviours. In contrast, the intensity of aggression displayed during interactions was significantly higher in male-male encounters than in female-female encounters, with an intermediate level of aggression in male-female encounters. The low degree of social tolerance found seems to be in agreement with the available data on the social organization of this species and further suggests that individuals may not spatially associate during over-wintering periods. Although both males and females were socially intolerant, the different patterns observed between the sexes may underlie different strategies.

3

Some aspects of social behaviour in the vole Microtus brandti [Radde, 1861]

88%

Stubbe A., Janke S.

Polish Ecological Studies

|

1994

|

tom 20

|

nr 3-4

4

Opposite-sex sibling recognition in adult root vole, Microtus oeconomus Pallas: phenotype matching or association

75%

Sun P., Zhu W., Zhao X.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2008

|

tom 56

|

nr 4

701-708

Hypothesis of phenotype matching and association are the most likely mechanisms in kin recognition. These hypotheses were tested by observing behavioral responses of cross-fostered root voles to urine cues from familiar and unfamiliar kin and non-kin. In experiment I, approach latency by males was significantly longer in response to non-sibling reared together (NSRT) than to non-sibling reared apart (NSRA) females, whereas, investigatory and sniffing time were significantly less in response to NSRT than to NSRA. However females showed no event bias to odors from NSRT and NSRA males. In experiment II, the behavioral responses of males and females to urine odors from siblings reared apart (SRA) and NSRA were not related to the degree of genetic relationship. It was concluded that: Association mechanism is used by male root voles in opposite-sex sibling recognition; Female voles possibly adopt multiple recognition mechanisms in different social tests.

5

Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik

Artists in the face of threats of climate change

75%

Michalowska M.

Oceanologia

|

2020

|

tom 62

|

nr 4PB

6

Group structure and social behaviour of warthogs Phacochoerus aethiopicus

75%

Somers M. J., Rasa O. A. E., Penzhorn B. L.

Acta Theriologica

|

1995

|

tom 40

|

nr 3

Data are presented on aspects of the group structure anc! social behaviour of warthogs Phacochoerus aethiopicus (Pallas, 1767) in the Andries Vosloo Kudu Reserve (AVKR), Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The social structure of warthogs is one of small groups, usually solitary males or bachelor groups, matriarchal groups consisting of adult females with juveniles and/or yearlings, or yearling groups. Mean group size was 2.21. Forty five percent of warthogs sighted were solitary. There was a seasonal variation in the mean group size. Differences in social interactions between various age and sex classes are described. Breeding of the warthogs in the AVKR was seasonal with the females coming into oestrus at the end of May and farrowing towards the end of November. The mating system is promiscuous with males roaming during the mating season, mating with numerous females, and females mating with more than one male. Non-offspring nursing occurred.

7

Social relations in family-groups of wood mice Apodemus sylvaticus under laboratory and enclosure conditions

75%

Zgrabczynska E., Pilacinska B.

Acta Theriologica

|

2002

|

tom 47

|

nr 2

Two family-groups of wood mice Apodemus sylvaticus (Linnaeus, 1758) were observed: one in the laboratory (terrarium 100 x 60 x 60 cm) and the other under enclosure conditions (outdoor enclosure 200 x 100 x 100 cm). Three consecutive periods in the social relations of the family-groups were described: the linear hierarchy, the multidirectional social relations, and the variable dominance-subordination relations. The linear social hierarchy was reflected in the subordination behaviour of family members in relation to the dominant male, the father of the family. During the period of coexistence of a pair of parents with two litters of juveniles, both in the laboratory and under enclosure conditions, amicable relations between individuals occurred. Advanced forms of social care (paternal care, allomaternal lactation, transportation and licking by relatives) were also observed. In the laboratory, agonistic interactions were lacking during the linear hierarchy period, but the attainment of sexual maturity by individuals of the first two litters, accompanied by an increase in the number of mice, resulted in aggression between mature males and competition for dominance. Further, under increasingly crowded conditions, agonistic behaviour prevailed over other types of social interaction, and the survival rate of juveniles decreased. Under enclosure conditions a seasonal variation in agonistic interaction between mature individuals was recorded, similar to that observed in the wild. Despite the systematic increase in population density, no attacks by mature males on juveniles were observed.

8

A method for studying social and reproductive behaviour of subterranean rodents in captivity

75%

Zenuto R. R., Vassallo A. I., Busch C.

Acta Theriologica

|

2001

|

tom 46

|

nr 2

A methodology for studying the social and reproductive behaviour of solitary subterranean rodents under laboratory conditions is proposed. A first account of Ctenomys talarum (Thomas, 1898) behaviour is also provided with the aim of evaluating the proposed methodology and to advance presently unknown information on its social behaviour and mating system. The device is a seminatural enclosure, departing from traditional test cages with respect to increased: (1) size, (2) structural complexity, (3) social complexity, and (4) resemblance to natural conditions. It consists of artificial burrows each comprising 3.5 m of tunnel, a resource cage and a nest box, resembling the structural complexity described for C. talarum burrows. Burrows are connected to a common space, which allows social interaction among various individuals. Animals were observed in the seminatural enclosure - 3 females and 2 males, in accordance with sex ratios found in natural populations - for a period of 6 months. We obtained data related to reproductive and social behaviour: marking, aggression, vocalization, courtship and copulation, pregnancy, pup development, and parental care. The proposed system enables the collection of behavioural data as yet unavailable due to the secretive habits and aggressiveness that characterize this group of rodents, coupled with the difficulties associated with simulating subterranean conditions.

9

Social interactions in encounters between male Mus spicilegus

75%

Simeonovska D.

Polish Ecological Studies

|

1994

|

tom 20

|

nr 3-4

10

Ecological education and its realization on different levels of educating an individual

63%

Winter B.

Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis. Prace Botaniczne

|

2001

|

tom 79

227-233

11

The effects of environmental features and overstory composition on the understory species assemblage in sub-Mediterranean coppiced woods: implications for a sustainable forest management

63%

Tardella F. M., Postiglione N., Vitanzi A., Catorci A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2017

|

tom 65

|

nr 2

Understanding the relationship among environmental factors, overstory and understory is a key step for the improvement of sustainable forest management. Our aim was to understand how environmental features (topographic factors) and overstory (tree species) composition affect understory (shrub and herb species) assemblage in sub-Mediterranean coppiced woods. The study area lies in the Monti Sibillini National Park (central Italy). In 205 plots (20 × 20 m) we collected topographic features and species cover values; moreover, we defined the Social Behaviour Type (SBT — i.e. species ecological and dynamic features) of each understory species. Data were analysed using Redundancy Analysis and Generalized Linear Modeling. We found that topographic factors shaped percentage cover of different tree species and hence determined forest community type. Topography-related factors were further mediated by the tree layer composition, in filtering understory assemblage, on the basis of species SBT. We found no effect of overstory species diversity on understory species diversity. However, the presence of tree species different from the dominant ones increased understory species richness. This effect was particularly notable in evergreen woods, dominated by Quercus ilex. We conclude that, to improve the management sustainability, coppicing management should be focused on the achievement of the greater tree species diversity.

12

Social interactions associated with reproduction in the bushveld gerbil Gerbilliscus leucogaster

63%

Lotter T. K., Pillay N.

Acta Theriologica

|

2012

|

tom 57

|

nr 1

The study of social behaviour can give us important insights into the social and mating system of a species or population. We investigated male–female interactions in captive bushveld gerbils, Gerbilliscus leucogaster, to gain insight into the social behaviour and mating structure. We conducted two experiments. In experiment 1, we studied the interactions between two strangers for a week in a three-tank setup, which tested behavioural variation spatially and temporally. Although tolerance between strange males and females increased with time, it remained generally low throughout the experiment. Females appeared to be cautious of males initially, but they later became aggressive towards them. Males showed an increase in submissive behaviour over time. The ‘home’ cage did not appear to be defended by either sex. In experiment 2, we investigated the social interactions of male–female pairs during pregnancy and lactation. Aggression persisted throughout the study and amicable behaviour was low; females were much more aggressive than males. We did not detect changes in social behaviour with the progression of pregnancy and lactation. We suggest that pair bonding is unlikely and that promiscuity is the most probable mating system. Female aggression may be related to mate choice prior to mating and mate exclusion thereafter, while it may be a response to infanticide risk during pregnancy and lactation.

13

A neurobiological approach to self-control

63%

Churchland-Smith P.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

|

2005

|

tom 65

|

nr 5

14

Social relationships in a bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus [Schreber, 1780] population: video monitoring under field conditions

63%

Lopucki R.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2007

|

tom 55

|

nr 3

Social behaviour of the bank vole was video recorded during direct encounters between individuals under natural conditions. The apparatus consisted of miniature video cameras, a system of image processing and recording, and infrared emitters. This device enabled continuous 24-h observations at several sites simultaneously. The study was conducted in an alder swamp Ribo nigri-Alnetum located in the Kampinos National Park, central Poland (52°20’N, 20°25’E). Observations were made in the late summers of 2002 and 2003 at six independent baited sites for 10 days and nights per each site. Rodents visiting the sites were individually marked by fur clipping. In sum, 13 053 visits to the sites and 1868 encounters between two marked individuals of C. glareolus were video recorded during 1440 hours of observation. It has been found that under natural conditions, bank voles most often avoided each other (55% of the encounters). In the case of close contacts they were aggressive (30%), rarely tolerant (7%), and during the remaining encounters they showed a mixed behaviour. The voles met mainly in the night (94% of the encounters) despite of 25% of their daily activity ran during the day. The frequency and character of encounters depended on the sex, age, and the origin of individuals. Encounters between males were more aggressive than between females (P <0.01). In encounters between opposite sexes, males were dominants (P <0.001). Individuals with a larger body mass were dominant in access to food (P <0.000). Cases of the dominance of juveniles over adults were interpreted as a result of the site of their origin. Social relations between individuals were characterised by persistence and repeatability in time. The results are compared with the literature describing experiments with animals kept in the laboratory or in enclosures, and field observations based on trapping techniques and telemetry

15

Agonistic interactions between resident and immigrant sympatric water shrews: Neomys fodiens and N.anomalus

63%

Krushinska N. L., Rychlik L., Pucek Z.

Acta Theriologica

|

1994

|

tom 39

|

nr 3

Behavioral mechanisms which control resident-immigrant relations in wild populations of Neomys fodiens (Pennant, 1771) and N. anomalus Cabrera, 1907 were studied by quantitative analysis of agonistic interactions between animals inhabiting the enclosure for at least 1 week ('residents') and animals newly introduced ('immigrants'). Tested animals (46 N. fodiens and 24 N. anomalus) were observed in one- and two-species groups or pairs in enclosures of 275 x 135 or 135 x 135 cm built in a laboratory room. During 214 hours of direct observation, social behaviour and patterns of hiding place usage were registered. Individual occupation of the neat boxes, a great number of conflicts among/bdiens-'residents', and a targe number of conflicts between /bdiens-'immigrants' and -'residents' suggest that strong territorial competition in breeding females and strong competition for females in adult males occur between residents and immigrants of the wild N. /odtercs-populations. Group occupation of the nest boxes, a very low degree of aggressiveness among anoma/iis-'residents' and the tolerant interactions between anom.a/«s-'immigrants' and -'residents' suggest that, in wild populations, N. anomalus are gregarious and inhabit given areas in groups. The low number of interspecific conflicts between 'residents' suggests that in the two-species stabilized groups, behavioral mechanisms exist, which allow N. anomalus to avoid conflicts with the more aggressive N. fodiens. Since the number of conflicts between /bdiercs-'residents' and arioma/us-'immigrants' is much greater than between 'residents' of the two species, it seems that these mechanisms are active learning rather than simple habituation. The decrease in the number of interspecific conflicts within 1-3 days suggests high efficiency of these mechanisms.

16

Male social activity in the small Indian mongoose Herpestes javanicus

63%

Hays W. S. T., Conant S.

Acta Theriologica

|

2003

|

tom 48

|

nr 4

The mongoose family, Herpestidae, includes several species that comprise the most social small Carnivora. The small Indian mongoose Herpestes javanicus (E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818), a South Asian species that has been introduced to numerous Caribbean and Pacific islands, has not been reported to show complex sociality. A radio-tracking study conducted on Oahu, Hawaii, revealed that a group of at least 5, and perhaps more than 10, large males in the study area shared a single, large home range during the breeding season. Members of this group spent far more time than expected within 20 m of fellow members. Group members frequently shared dens, sleeping within 50 cm of each other. Females maintained very small, overlapping home ranges inside the male group's range. Male breeding coalitions have previously been reported in a congeneric species, the slender mongoose Herpestes sanguineus.

17

Evolution of mammalian social structure

63%

Chesser R. K., Sugg D. W., Rhodes O. E., Novak J. M., Smith M. H.

Acta Theriologica. Supplement

|

1993

|

tom 38

|

nr 2

Social groups may be viewed as collections of individuals exhibiting nonindependent behavior and organized in a cooperative manner. The evolutionary advantage of social behavior to individuals must be measured in its relativity to other potential behaviors, the scale of competitive interactions, and under a variety of environmental and genetic constraints. A primary tenet of social evolution is that coancestry will promote the genes of related individuals. High values of coancestry, however, do not necessarily translate into evolutionary advantage unless the primary competitive interactions occur among the groups. Coancestry is affected by the breeding tactics within and rates of genetic exchange among social groups. Low rates of exchange among groups, regardless of breeding tactics, may result in high values for intragroup coancestry but may lead to inbreeding depression in progeny. Likewise, breeding tactics such as polygyny, may not impart any long-lasting evolutionary advantage if genetic exchange rates are high. The evolution of social organizations typified by different breeding and migration strategies is evaluated to determine the conditions necessary for various tactics to result in genetic contributions by individuals equal to those of monogamous mating systems. The models show that breeding and dispersal tactics have probably evolved in concert and predict that social groups which are characterized by strong gene correlations are likely to exhibit relatively low group advantage for progeny survival and breeding. There is little impetus for high gene correlations to accrue in situations where group advantage is very high relative to monogamous systems.

18

Sexual dimorphism of the vomeronasal organ and the accessory olfactory bulb of the mandarin vole Microtus mandarinus and the reed vole M.fortis

63%

Tai F. D., Wang T. Z., Zhang Y. H., Sun R. Y.

Acta Theriologica

|

2004

|

tom 49

|

nr 1

Sexual dimorphisms of the vomeronasal organ (VNO) and the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) of the mandarin vole Microtus mandarinus Milne-Edwards, 1871 and reed vole M. fortis Büchner, 1889 are reported for the first time in the present work. The thickness and length of the vomeronasal epithelium (VE) and the nuclear size of the receptor cells, the width and length of the granule cell zone, the width and length of the mitral cell zone, and the density of the mitral cells were surveyed. The thickness and length of the vomeronasal epithelium (VE), the length of the granule cell zone and the mitral cell zone, and the densities of mitral cells were significantly different between male and female reed voles. Male and female mandarin voles had no significant differences in any of these parameters. Polygamous reed voles had a greater degree of sexual dimorphism in VNO and AOB than did monogamous mandarin voles. The present results provide evidence to the hypothesis that the degree of sexual dimorphism may be related to the mating system.

19

Seasonal changes in social behaviour and spatial structure of Crocidura leucodon in North-Western Bulgaria

63%

Simeonovska-Nikolova D. M.

Acta Theriologica

|

2004

|

tom 49

|

nr 2

The patterns of social behaviour and spatial structure of Crocidura leucodon (Hermann, 1780) were studied against the background of the seasonal changes in its density and demographic features. Field and lab research were conducted. Field investigations (with CMR method) were conducted from 1997 to 1999 in north-western Bulgaria, in a grassland with patches of tree-shrub vegetation. In the lab, the social interactions were studied in male-male, female-female and male-female dyadic encounters during summer and autumn. A total of 26 shrews were tested. The number of C. leucodon was lowest in spring and greatest in autumn. In early summer the sex ratio was balanced, the home range of one male overlapped that of one female, and aggressiveness and marking activity was increased. So, it can be assumed that in this period males and females form pairs, which possess defended territories. Higher aggressiveness and marking activity displayed by males suggest their greater role in defending the territories. In autumn the home ranges overlapped greatly and amicable interactions prevailed over agonistic ones probably due to shifting to a gregarious way of life. So, the patterns of spatial structure and social behaviour undergo the seasonal changes in C. leucodon life-cycle and its density dynamics.

20

The use of telemetric measurement of biophysical parameters for evaluating the response of growing pigs to different management systems

63%

Walczak J., Herbut E.

Roczniki Naukowe Zootechniki

|

2000

|

tom 27

|

nr 2

Ograniczanie wyników

A flexible arrangement for the study of moles in captivity

Levels of social tolerance between snow voles Chionomys nivalis during over-wintering periods

Some aspects of social behaviour in the vole Microtus brandti [Radde, 1861]

Opposite-sex sibling recognition in adult root vole, Microtus oeconomus Pallas: phenotype matching or association

Artists in the face of threats of climate change

Group structure and social behaviour of warthogs Phacochoerus aethiopicus

Social relations in family-groups of wood mice Apodemus sylvaticus under laboratory and enclosure conditions

A method for studying social and reproductive behaviour of subterranean rodents in captivity

Social interactions in encounters between male Mus spicilegus

Ecological education and its realization on different levels of educating an individual

The effects of environmental features and overstory composition on the understory species assemblage in sub-Mediterranean coppiced woods: implications for a sustainable forest management

Social interactions associated with reproduction in the bushveld gerbil Gerbilliscus leucogaster

A neurobiological approach to self-control

Social relationships in a bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus [Schreber, 1780] population: video monitoring under field conditions

Agonistic interactions between resident and immigrant sympatric water shrews: Neomys fodiens and N.anomalus

Male social activity in the small Indian mongoose Herpestes javanicus

Evolution of mammalian social structure

Sexual dimorphism of the vomeronasal organ and the accessory olfactory bulb of the mandarin vole Microtus mandarinus and the reed vole M.fortis

Seasonal changes in social behaviour and spatial structure of Crocidura leucodon in North-Western Bulgaria

The use of telemetric measurement of biophysical parameters for evaluating the response of growing pigs to different management systems