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Probiotic bacteria strains are successfully used in production of processed milk products, and certain juices, however, their use has not been observed in production of raw ripening meat products. In the case of meat products, raw products are deemed to be and actually are a suitable medium for the development of probiotic microorganisms. Scientific projects are being conducted on a European and even world scale. However, the health safety criterion should be of primary importance with respect to the use of probiotics. The application of certain bacteria strains deemed to have probiotic properties can be quite disputable. For that reason, further studies with regard to achieving absolute health safety of probiotic foodstuffs should be continued
The paper presents the results of a study on Biała Podlaska county residents' perceived sense of safety in their place of residence. The survey, carried out in 2008, covered 1097 respondents, both men and women, residents of rural and urban areas in Biała Podlaska county. The results of the survey suggest that the majority of dwellers of Biała Podlaska county feel safe in their place of residence.
The analysis of the sources of catastrophes taking place on the Earth and influencing human vital activity has been done in this article.
This study was undertaken to provide baseline information on the injuries and health and safety conditions in Gambian agriculture. The objective was to produce information to guide the formulation of an agricultural health and safety policy for the country, future investigations, prevention and surveillance of the adverse health effects in agriculture. A cross-sectional survey of 20 farmers, 20 nurses, and 20 agricultural extension workers was conducted in the Central and Upper River Divisions of The Gambia. The survey was implemented by the means of questionnaires, walk-through survey and hazard checklist. Seventy percent of farms reported an injury during the past year. Major sources and contributing factors for the injuries were characterized. Predisposing factors to the injuries were climatic conditions, working in static positions, bending and twisting and carrying heavy objects. Cuts and lacerations were identified as the commonest injury types and the most common sources were hand tools (hand hoe, cutlass, axe and knife) and animal-powered carts. A workshop for the major stake holders in the country’s agriculture was also held to identify problems and possible solutions for health promotion of Gambian farmers.
Since Aujeszky's disease have become an economic problem in pig farms in late 1960's and early 1970's many different vaccines, either inactivated or live - attenuated were developed. Soon it became evident that they differ in their efficacy. In this article a panel of tests used for evaluation of safety and efficacy of inactivated as well as live Aujeszky's disease vaccines is described.
A chlorine dioxide generating pad has been used as postharvest treatment to maintain the quality and safety of strawberries in two different storage conditions. During the short storage time (3 days at 4°C + 2 days at 20°C) fruit treated with ClO2 maintained better quality parameters, as color, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity and lower values of weight loss. During the long storage time (12 days at 2°C), the parameters related to postharvest quality were generally preserved and the effect of ClO2 was positive to reduce the total yeast and mold, except the last period of the experiment when the ClO2 gas-generating pad was probably exhausted. The sensory evaluation revealed that the sanitization with ClO2 maintained a global positive acceptance in particular during the short storage time. The results suggest that this treatment may be suitable to maintain the quality during short storage and long storage until 8 days and it may be an important alternative sanitizer thanks to the positive action against the yeast and mold without modifying the quality of the strawberries.
Nowadays, recreational activity is not only the general tendency to improve physical function, but is also associated with increased physical effort and risk. For example, there has been the development of more sophisticated and dangerous forms of skiing. Today, skiing can be divided into downhill skiing, practiced in ski resorts, and freeskiing. The freeskiing forms include ski-touring and freeride, considered as extreme. The extreme forms are characterized by high risk as the main motive for their practice. The most important predisposition to engage in those activities is the courage expressed in risk taking propensity. Risk taking propensity is a personality trait that affects human decisions in risky situations. Depending on its severity, more or less risky behavior can be observed. The aim of the study was to determine the level of propensity to risk behaviors of people involved in forms of activity associated with a higher risk in comparison with other participants, on the example of recreational skiing. The questionnaire constructed by Ryszard Studenski was used to measure the risk taking propensity and frequency of risky behavior. The research was carried out on 40 persons classified on the basis of the declaration of preferred form of skiing. People practicing extreme forms of winter activity (ski touring, ski-mountaineering) showed lower level of risk taking propensity than a group of downhill skiers. It was found that the preference of risky sports is not definitely related to the higher propensity to risk-taking behavior.
Preparations from rhizomes of Petasites hybridus (L.) Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. (common butterbur) have a long history of use in folk medicine in treatment of several diseases as anti-inflammatory and spasmolytic drugs. Extracts from this species are of interest to researchers in the field of phytopharmacology due to their biologically active compounds, particularly two eremophilane sesquiterpenes (petasin and isopetasin), which are contained not only in rhizomes and roots, but also in leaves. Moreover, P. hybridus contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which showed hepatotoxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Hence, special extracts devoid of alkaloids obtained by sub- and super-critic carbon dioxide extraction were used in the preclinical, clinical studies and phytotherapy. Our review aims to provide a literature survey of pharmacological as well as clinical trials of P. hybridus, carried out in 2000–2013. Also several studies of other species used in non-European countries have been included. Besides, the botanical description of Petasites genus and phytochemical characteristic of P. hybridus and toxicological studies of pyrrolizidine alkaloids as well as chemical profile of patented commercial extracts from rhizomes, roots and leaves of this species used in European phytotherapy have been performed. In this review, attention has also been paid to the promising and potential application of special extracts of P. hybridus not only in the prevention of migraine, treatment of allergic rhinitis symptoms, asthma and hypertension, but also in prevention and slowing the progression of neurodegenerative diseases developing with the inflammatory process in the CNS as a new therapeutic strategy. In fact, there is already an evidence of promising properties of P. hybridus extracts and sesquiterpens – decrease in the prostaglandins and leukotrienes release, inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 activity, as well as antagonism of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels. In order to explain the new mechanisms of action of P. hybridus extracts in the CNS and their future application in phytotherapy of diseases with neuroinflammatory process, further studies should be performed.
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