Hydrologic characteristic data of upper drainage basin of the Oder are presented as well as the importance of this basin for Czechoslovakia. The water-sewage management in the Czechoslovakian region, in which a part of the Oder basin lies, is described. In the prevailing part of its run across Czechoslovakia this river serves as a receiver of the sewage. A considerable concentration of the extractive and processing industries and a high level of the town development favour the creation of an emergency situation which has already happened in the past. That is why the problem of purification of the upper run of the Oder requires a quick solution.