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During the transformation, after 1989 year Poland has developed more slowly than countries of the European Union in terms of economic and technological progress. With transformation from a centrally planned economy to a free market, the rate of development in our country increased significantly. In the literature disparities in access and ability to use of information technologies between inhabitants of urban and rural areas are often indicated. The paper presents research results on technological exclusion areas development in rural areas in terms of territorial in Poland in 1994–2012. The main data source were the results of household budget surveys developed every year and made available for consideration by the Central Statistical Office. Obtained results were complemented by an analysis of social diagnosis research results conducted every two years since 2000.
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Food self-supply and income of rural households

86%
Food self-supply is one of the ways of satisfying food needs, which is achieved through bypassing the market, in households located in rural areas. The studies conducted in 2011 and 2012 in 1000 households in Mazowieckie Province demonstrated a large scale of self-supply. A signifi cant portion of households declares consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables, as well as homemade preserves produced in their own household. The main objective of this article is to assess the phenomenon of food self-supply of households located in rural areas of Mazowieckie Province, with particular emphasis on their income. Based on the literature and conducted studies, the authors have formulated a hypothesis that the signifi cance of food self-supply in rural households diminishes with the increase in household income.
The amounts of lead and cadmium, determined analytically in the food rations of the inhabitants of selected rural households located in the Czarnocin region (Świętokrzyskie Province) did not exceed the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) in any of the analysed households or seasons. The average lead and cadmium intake accounted for 22% and 53% respectively of the PTWI in autumn, and 28% and 63% respectively in spring.
This report starts with an overview based on national-level data from official sources and then presents the findings of a survey of rural households conducted in 2001 in Mazowieckie region, Poland. The study focuses on income distribution differences and income level comparison among four subregions. The change of rural household living standard during the socio-economic transformation and the attitudes of rural households towards the transformation are also examined. By analyzing source of income and related effect factors, some components of potential sources of income and the policy urgently needed to develop rural area in Poland are suggested.
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