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Nodal segements were taken from juvenile shoots of mature 100 year-old trees of saucer magnolia (Magnolia x soulangiana Soul.-Bod.) and cultured on Standardi and Catalano medium supplemented with 1.33 µmol·dm⁻³ BA, 0.54 µmol·dm⁻³ NAA, 58 µmol·dm⁻³ sucrose and 6.0 g·l⁻¹ agar-agar. After 8 weeks, separated shoots were transferred to rooting medium with half-strength macronutrients (basal medium) supplemented with 0.3% activated charcoal and one of carbohydrates: arabinose, cellulose, fructose, galactose, glucose, lactose, mannose, rhamnose, ribose, sorbose, sucrose or xylose at 20 g·dm⁻³ and 7.0 g·dm⁻³ agar-agar. After 13 weeks of culture, shoot number, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, total root length and number of roots/per shoot were recorded. Percentages of rooted shoots were calculated. Fructose, mannose and xylose were the most effective carbon source on shoot proliferation followed by sucrose. The rooting response was induced by cellulose and xylose. Arabinose, rhamnose and sorbose inhibited root formation. The number of adventitious roots produced per shoot was stimulated by cellulose and xylose. Total biomass (shoot plus roots) of the plantlets was the highest at fructose and cellulose.
The effect of light wavelength on multiplication, tissue growth and pigment content was studied in Cattleya intermedia x C. aurantiaca microcutting cultures. The initial explants were shoots regenerated from protocorm-like bodies. Modified MS medium containing 5.0 mg·l-1 BA, 0.2 mg·l-1 zeatin and 1.0 mg·l-1 NAA, solidified with Difco agar, was used for adventitious regeneration of shoots and aerial roots. The rate of organ initiation depended on the wavelength of the monochromatic light applied. Red and blue treatments were effective in triggering photomorphogenesis in the evaluated material. The propagation coefficient reached 11.7 under red light, 10.6 under blue, 8.3 under white and 6.2 in darkness. Total chlorophyll and carotenoid content were highest in cultures illuminated with white light, gradually decreasing from the blue to the red and the far red treatments. Blue light treatment improved the efficiency of micropropagation and benefitted initiation of rhizogenesis and aerial root elongation, and the resulting plants were true to type.
All rose cultivars are propagated by asexual methods and the one of them is hardwood cuttings rooting. The aim of the study was to verify the possibility of effective propagation of shrub and pillar roses of different origin by hardwood cuttings. The shoots were collected in autumn. The cuttings were prepared and planted in spring. The rooting were conducted in open field and greenhouse. There were used commercial rooting powders containing IBA or NAA: Ukorzeniacz AB aqua, Ukorzeniacz B aqua, Rhizopon AA 020 XX, Chryzotek beige 004 XX, Ukorzeniacz – korzonek D DS. Of the ten cultivars chosen for the present experiment, only two took root effectively, with good quality rooted cuttings: ‘Excelsa’ (31.2% in open field, 56.5% in greenhouse) and ‘New Dawn’ (18.7% in open field, 14.3% in greenhouse). Using commercial rooting stimulants did not guarantee an increase in the number or in the parameters of growth of the rooted cuttings. The most effective preparation was Chryzotek beige 004 XX for ‘Poppius’ (38.0%) rooted in the open field, and for ‘Kew Rambler’ (23.5%) in the greenhouse.
An efficient protocol for induction of callus and regeneration of a sugar cane var 93v297 has been developed and reported here. Callus induction from immature young leaf explants derived from 2-3-month-old plants was achieved on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with different auxins viz, 2,4-D, NAA and IAA. Among different auxins, 2, 4-D at 3.5mg/l + 0.5mg/l BAP was found favourable in inducing callus. Addition of coconut milk and BAP further enhanced the growth of callus maximum being on MS medium supplemented with 0.5mg/l BAP (3602.33±0.88mg). Calli were further evaluated for regeneration. MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP was found suitable where 100% calli regenerated with maximum number of multiple shoots per callus mass (41.40±0.89). Highest number of root emergence (28.33±1.16) and maximum root length (3.40±0.67cm) was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 3mgl/l NAA. The in vitro grown plants were transferred to polycups containing a mixture of sterilized sand, soil and cocopeet (1:1:1) for hardening. The hardened plants were transferred to green-house conditions where they survived with 90% frequency.
In order to improve vegetative propagation of a difficult to root Cotinus coggygria the stock plants were subjected to: etiolation, shading and spraying with IBA, combined with the application of two commercially available rooting powders. The IBA treatment was more suitable for rooting of C. coggygria cuttings than the NAA application and it enhanced rhizot genesis regardless of the form of auxin application (foliar application to a stock plant or a rooting powder used directly on cuttings) and the amount of light provided to stock plants. Etiolation did not improve rhizogenesis in stem cuttings, however, reduction of light intensity by 50 % and 96 % of the ambient prior to harvest of cuttings affected rooting positively. Positive effects of shading can be ascribed to changes in shoot anatomy, i.e. a weaker sclerenchyma development. Synergistic effect of shading and Miar auxin application can result from the increase in leaf blade area and/or thinner lower epiderm. Em hanced rooting in cuttings from shoots grown out under reduced light intensity was accompanied by decrease in the contents of total soluble sugars, soluble proteins and free ABA and by increase in total chlorophyll, free amino acids, polyphenolic acids and free IAA contents.
The effect of auxins: IAA, IBA and NAA in concentrations of 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg·dm⁻³ on rooting of Hebe buchananii and Hebe canterburiensis ‘Prostrata’ in vitro was examined. Shoots used in the experiment were excised from aseptically grown shoots on 1/2 MS media. Auxins used in the experiment were showed to have a positive effect on rooting of shoots of Hebe buchananii and Hebe canterburiensis ‘Prostrata’ in vitro. The biggest number of rooted microshoots and the longest roots of Hebe buchananii formed in presence of IBA. On the media supplemented with IAA in concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 mg·dm⁻³, IBA in concentration of 5 mg·dm⁻³ and NAA in concentration of 1 mg·dm⁻³ 100% of rooted shoots of Hebe canterburiensis ‘Prostrata’ were obtained. The biggest number of roots occurred on media with 2.5 and 5.0 mg IAA·dm⁻³. NAA added to the media caused callusing of the shoots base.
Popularisation of historical rose cultivars is important for overall increase of biodiversity within currently available assortment, however their vegetative propagation is rather difficult. Possible scenario behind it is that commonly used one-bud leafy cuttings have limited storage capacity due to the small size of the stem. We hypothesised that the treatment of cuttings this rose with rooting preparations would positively affect on the condition of their leaves. We tested the effect of preparations based on seaweed extracts (Bio Rhizotonic, Root Juice, Bio Roots) as well as commonly used root stimulants (Ukorzeniacz Aaqua and Ukorzeniacz Baqua containing 0,4% IBA or 0,2% NAA respectively) on the viability potential of the Rosa ‘Duchesse d’Angoulême’ cuttings. We have monitored the senescence process in leaves by the total soluble protein, chlorophyll and carotenoid content measurements. In order to test the potential effect of the mother plant and timing of shoots acquirement cuttings for the experiment were taken from mother plants at four different maturity stages (flower buds closed; all flowers open; just after petal fall and 7–14 days after petal fall). As expected the amount of the measured components in mother plants varied in individual phases of shoot maturity. This feature influenced the positive effect of rooting stimulants on cuttings viability. The most striking effects were in rooted cuttings derived from shoots collected just after flower petal fall. Observed increase in soluble protein and chlorophyll content did not correlate however with the percentage of obtained rooted cuttings. Based on that we can speculate that the biological basis of observed positive effect of natural rooting preparations on the ‘Duchesse d’Angoulême’ rose is complex and does not rely on the delay or inhibition of senescence process.
Obserwacji zmian anatomicznych dokonywano w sadzonkach zielnych trzech odmian fuksji ogrodowej: ‘Eden Rock’, ‘Southgate’ i ‘Dancing Flame’, kontrolnych i traktowanych Ukorzeniaczem B2. Do analizy anatomicznej pobierano po 3 sadzonki każdej odmiany: przez pierwszy tydzień co 24 godziny, natomiast w drugim tygodniu co 48 godzin. Preparaty anatomiczne sporządzano z podstaw sadzonek długości 0,5 cm, zatapianych w parafinie. Wszystkie badane odmiany fuksji odznaczały się dużą zdolnością do regeneracji korzeni przybyszowych. Zarówno sadzonki kontrolne, jak i traktowane auksyną ukorzeniały się łatwo, ale szybkość procesu zależała od odmiany. U odmian ‘Eden Rock’ i ‘Southgate’ pierwsze korzenie ukazywały się po 8-9 dniach, natomiast u ‘Dancing Flame’ po 11. Zawiązki korzeni przybyszowych powstawały w strefie kambium i łyka. Pierwsze podziały komórkowe prowadzące do powstania zawiązka obserwowano już po 24 godzinach ukorzeniania, a początki zorganizowanego ułożenia komórek widoczne były po 5 dobach u ‘Eden Rock’ i ‘Southgate’ i 8 u ‘Dancing Flame’. Egzogenna auksyna, zawarta w Ukorzeniaczu B2, pobudzała powstawanie primordiów u dwóch pierwszych odmian, głównie poprzez zwiększenie ich liczby, nieznacznie wpływając na przyspieszenie procesu. Liczba zawiązków wynosiła od 4 do 8 w porównaniu do 2-5 w sadzonkach kontrolnych. W sadzonkach ‘Dancing Flame’ traktowanych Ukorzeniaczem B2 zawiązków korzeni było mniej niż w sadzonkach kontrolnych.
The UE-imposed restrictions on the manufacture and use of plant protection chemicals necessitate screening for new substances that are more environmentally friendly. Biopreparations may constitute such a group; therefore, studies on their efficiency in the production of plant material are needed. This study evaluated the effects of two biostimulators on rhizogenesis and the gas exchange rate (respiration, photosynthesis, transpiration) of stem cuttings of dogwood (Cornus alba) as compared to conventional treatments with a rooting powder containing 2% auxin IBA and with aqueous IBA solution. Both biopreparations enhanced rhizogenesis; their efficiency varied depending on the cultivar, biostimulator applied, and the number of treatments. There was no relationship between rhizogenesis and physiological parameters tested. The experiments demonstrated that at least some biopreparations have potential in commercial production but their effectiveness may be different in different species and under different conditions.
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