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Various forms of nitrogen fertilizer were applied in the cultivation of red cabbage (in the years 2003–2005), ‘Langendijker’ c.v.: control (unfertilized with nitrogen), Ca(NO3)2 , (NH4)2SO4 , NH4NO3 , CO(NH2)2 applied as solid fertilizers. This experiment aimed at determining the influence of various nitrogen forms on the content of Al, B, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti, Zn, V in cabbage heads and the changes in the content of the available form of these elements for plants in soil after cabbage cultivation. The heads of plants fertilized with calcium nitrate and urea were characterized by the highest content of Al, Mn, Sr, Zn, Cd and Mo. Urea caused a significant increase in the content of Cu, Li and V, while ammonium nitrate resulted in an elevated level of Fe and Co accumulation in cabbage heads. Fertilization with (NH4)2SO4 led to a substantial decrease in the content of Al, Mo and V, and fertilization with NH4NO3 caused a decline in Sr concentrations in cabbage in comparison with other objects of the experiment. Each nitrogen fertilizer resulted in the decreased concentrations of Ti in cabbage heads. Applied nitrogen fertilizers significantly influenced the contents of readily soluble forms of B, Fe and Pb in soil after cabbage cultivation.
This study, conducted in the period 2006-2008, involved an evaluation of yield and commercially useful traits of red cabbage grown from seedlings produced from seeds sown at three different times (the second decade of April, the third decade of April, and the first decade of May). Seedlings were produced in multicell trays in an unheated greenhouse and in a nursery bed from seeds sown at the same time. The experiment included 6 red cabbage cultivars (‘Huzaro F1’, ‘Kalibos’, ‘Langedijker Polana’, ‘Rodeo F1’, ‘Roxy F1’, ‘Zelox F1’). After cabbage heads were harvested in the second decade of October (in each year), total and marketable yield as well as head weight and the head shape index were determined. Red cabbage yield was shown to be significantly dependent on the cultivar, time of sowing, and method of seedling production. Among the cultivars studied, the following proved to be the most productive, irrespective of the other experimental factors: ‘Zelox F1’ (marketable yield averaged 398.11 kg×100 m-2), ‘Roxy F1’ (marketable yield averaged 368.82 kg×100 m-2), and ‘Rodeo F1’ (marketable yield averaged 331.59 kg×100 m-2). The cultivar ‘Kalibos’ was characterized by the lowest marketable yield (on average 257.09 kg×100 m-2). Delayed sowing (to produce seedlings) by 10 and 20 days, compared to the earliest sowing time, had a significant effect on the reduction in total and marketable yield. Irrespective of the time of sowing, the production of seedlings in multicell trays did not have a significant effect on higher head weight. But the influence of the cultivar was significant – heads of the highest weight were found in the yield of the cultivar ‘Zelox F1’ (head weight was on average 1.71 kg). The head shape index was more than 1 and on average it did not exceed 1.35. The cultivar ‘Kalibos’ had the most elongated heads (with a conical shape), while cabbage heads in the cultivar ‘Langedijker Polana’ were closest to the spherical shape.
Phenolic compounds which occur in red cabbage, have strong antioxidant activity, and can be used as substances protecting human cells from oxidation. Field experiment conducted in the years 2007–2009 in Department of Horticulture at Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences involved research on the effect of different nitrogen doses on yield, chemical composition and antioxidant activity of red cabbage. Nitrogen, in the form of ammonium saltpeter, was introduced in the following doses: 50 kg N·ha-1; 150 kg N·ha-1 and 250 (150+100) kg N·ha-1. In the third decade of April red cabbage seeds of ‘Langendijker’ cv. were sown into multipots. The seedlings were planted on 5 m2 – area plots at the end of May. Harvesting took place in the second week of September, when there was assessed marketable and total yield. In samples of red cabbage heads there were estimated the content of nitrates, vitamin C, total and reducing sugars, polyphenols, anthocyanins, as well as dry matter and soluble solids. In order to investigate antioxidant activity there were applied DPPH and ABTS tests. In experiment optimum nitrogen dose for red cabbage was 150 kg N·ha-1. The highest amount of anthocyanins were determined in the leaves of red cabbage fertilized with moderate N dose up 150 kg N·ha-1. The highest antioxidant activity proved to characterize edible parts of red cabbage fertilized with nitrogen in the dose of 50 kg N·ha-1, while the level of total polyphenols featured the lowest values in the conditions of intensive nitrogen fertilization amounting 250 kg N·ha-1.
The survey made in the plots of Cultivar Testing Research Centre Stations showed, that from among 9 observed varieties, only 2 (feathered cabbage and kohlrabi) did not appear any virus infection on none of the surveyed cultivars. Within of cultivars of the remaining 7 varieties (broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower and white, red, Chinese and Savoy cabbages), which appeared to be virus infected, were found often considerable differences, in the extent of virus infection. Differences were especially visible within the cultivars of cauliflower, white cabbage and Brussels sprouts. The prevalent symptoms on mostly cultivars were caused by turnip mosaic potyvirus (TuMV). Exceptions were cultivars of cauliflower and Chinese cabbage infected mainly by cauliflower mosaic caulimovirus (CaMV). Rather often both viruses were found in observed crops. Sporadically broccoli necrotic yellows - like virus (BNYV) was detected, already in mixed infections with TuMV or/and CaMV.
Obiektem badań w latach 2003-2006 była kapusta czerwona odmiany ‘Langendijker’. W nawożeniu roślin w uprawie polowej ustalono pięć kombinacji różniących się formą azotu: 1. Naturalna zawartość N w glebie (kontrola), 2. Ca(NO3)2, 3. (NH4)2SO4, 4. NH4NO3 i 5. CO(NH2)2. W pracy określono wpływ różnych form azotu zastosowanych w nawożeniu na zawartość cukrów rozpuszczalnych, suchej masy, tiocyjanianów, wolnych aminokwasów oraz azotanów w kapuście po 4-miesięcznym okresie przechowywania główek w chłodni (w temp. 1-2°C i wilgotności względnej 95-98%). Zawartość cukrów rozpuszczalnych na ogół korelowała z zawartością suchej masy i była największa w przechowywanych główkach kontrolnych, natomiast najmniejsza po zastosowaniu w nawożeniu formy azotanowej azotu. Poziom tiocyjanianów był istotnie najniższy w liściach kapusty nawożonej mocznikiem. Zawartość tych związków zwiększała się po okresie przechowywania główek, a największy przyrost obserwowano w kombinacji z siarczanem amonu. W porównaniu z wynikami uzyskanymi tuż po zbiorze, we wszystkich przypadkach poziom azotanów w główkach kapusty po przechowywaniu wzrósł. Najmniej azotanów wykazano w przechowywanych główkach roślin kontrolnych, natomiast najwięcej w pochodzących z obiektu nawożonego azotanową formą N.
Badano zmiany poziomu azotanów i azotynów w czasie procesu fermentacji kapoty głowiastej białej, czerwonej oraz buraków ćwikłowych. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na wysoce istotny wpływ tego procesu na redukcję zarówno azotanów jak i azotynów.
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