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We have compared the mean contents of Al, combined Ca + Mg as well as of the total content of elements (Ca, Mg, K, Na, Al, Fe, Mn, NH4, Cl, SO4 and NO3) in solutions obtained for the Ofh, AE and Bv soil horizons. Soils were sampled in dry coniferous (Bs), fresh coniferous (Bsw) and mixed deciduousconiferous (BMsw) forest sites. Higher values of combined Ca and Mg content and of total element content were found in the soil solution of all horizons in BMsw sites than in those in Bs and Bsw sites. The amount of Al migrating to aqueous solution is lower in Ofh horizons of BMsw sites than in Bs and Bsw sites. The soil sorption complex of BMsw sites, likewise respective soil solutions, is more abundant in combined bivalent basic cations than that of Bs and Bsw sites. Exchangeable Al content in the Ofh horizon is lowest in BMsw site, and highest in Bsw site. No direct effect was found on the forest floor vegetation on the concentration of soil solutions (expressed as element sum) or on the ionic composition of these solutions taking into account the elements analyzed.
This study was carried out to determine the groundwater quality of Türkmen Mountain, which provides drinking water to about 250,000 people, and to evaluate the water quality by using some multivariate statistical techniques. In this study, groundwater samples were collected from 18 stations on Türkmen Mountain in summer 2011. Some lymnological parameters and element levels in groundwater of the mountain were determined. Factor analysis (FA), cluster analysis (CA), and Pearson Correlation Index were applied to the results in order to estimate the data properly. The ArcGIS package program was used to make distribution maps of arsenic, boron, and total phosphorus (which were detected as the most critical parameters of the mountain) in order to provide visual summaries of element accumulations. Also, water samples were evaluated according to the criteria of SKKY (water pollution control regulation in Turkey) and evaluated as drinking water according to the criteria of TS266 (Turkish Standards Institute), the EC (European Communities), and WHO (World Health Organization). It was determined that arsenic accumulations of some stations exceeded the limit values specified by TS266, WHO, and the EC. Significant positive correlations were determined between arsenic and boron levels (p<0.01), and according to the FA results, the “Boron Works Factor,” which was strongly positive related to the variables of arsenic and boron, was identified as the most effective component for Türkmen Mountain (25.88% of total variance). As a result, in addition to the geological structure of the mountain, mining activities and mineral recovery processes are significant effective factors of groundwater quality of Türkmen Mountain.
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The goal of present work was to investigate wool quality of camels breeding in the Tunisian part of Sahara Desert. The study was carried out with 10 camel males at the age of three years. The samples of wool were taken from the left mid-side of a shoulder. Due to the low regrowth rate of wool, the samples were not split into the external and internal fractions before a measurement. The individual fibers were classified into three groups: 1) fibers with continuous medulla, 2) fibers with intermittent medulla, 3) fibers without medulla. Then the percentage of each type of fibers was evaluated. Thickness measurement was made using the microprojection method according to Polish Standard PN-72/ /P-04900. At least 600 fibers were measured in each sample. The high fraction of hair from the core constant rate of 78% wool with a thickness of up to 48 |im, and the hair thickness variation of 47% be attributed to the roughness of the wool. The wool of the camels under study should be used for the production of carpets and handicrafts. The occurrence of continuous core both in the thin and thick fibers confirmed the adaptation of camels to a large diurnal temperature variation, as in llamas and alpacas.
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