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Examinations of the mechanical aspects of the gastrointestinal function discussed here represent the biophysical fragment of its motor activity. Their purpose is to obtain further characteristics of gastrointestinal smooth muscle layer properties and contractions and an analysis of the relationships between contraction and effect of contraction. Much effort in these studies will still be required because of the complexity of motor events and the multiplicity of the factors affecting these events. Several theoretical and practical, in vivo and in vitro methods were utilized in these investigations and the results of classical methods of gastrointestinal motility examinations have been useful in the characterization of mechanical properties of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle. The application of computer models allows for simulations of motor activity in the given conditions, for evaluation of contractile effect and for prediction of the given motor effect in the considered physiological or pathological situation. These examinations are still not developed in veterinary medicine and their greater usefulness in the veterinary clinics is mostly dependent on the progress in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal motor disturbances.
During a post-mortem examination of 53 birds from 25 species in 11 birds abormalities in anatomical structure or position of coeca were found. These abnormalities included a shortened one coecum comparing to other one, a firm connection of coecum with ileum, asymetrial position of both coeca. These changes point to changeability of coeca in some species of birds. The changes were noted in 3 waswings, 2 yellowhammers, 1 maffinch, songtrush, blackbird and swallow. In two robins the third coecum as a developmental disturbance was found.
The aim of this work was to assess to what extend freshwater fishes are carriers of Campylobacter spp. and what species dominate in this environment. Analysis of 106 alimentary canals representing 13 freshwater fish species originated from 5 different water bodies confirmed Campylobacter spp. presence in 8.5% of the samples tested. Numbers of campylobacters did not exceeded 10 CFU/g. The dominating species being C. coli.
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The aim of presented study were fungal invasions of the oral cavity and gastrointestinal (GI) tract in children suspected of the inflammation of gastric and duodenal mucosa and of absorption disturbance. The fungal strains (125) were identified using API 20C and API 20C AUX (bio Me'rieux); they were as follows: Candida albicans, C. famata, C. glabrata, C. guillermondii, C. kefyr and C. tropicalis.
Campylobacter spp, gramnegative microorganisms, are currently recognized as a major cause of human acute bacterial enteritis. This bacterium frequently promotes a commensal lifestyle in the gastrointestinal tracts of many animals including birds. The main route of human infections is through improperly handled or undercooked poultry meat. This review article intends to present up-to-date research regarding knowledge of how the bacterium establishes commensalism. To date only a few genes that apparently contribute to avian-gut colonization have been identified by standard genetic techniques such as isogenic mutant construction by gene replacement methodology. The post-genomic era has resulted in new instruments for analyzing virulence and commensalism-related mechanisms. The review outlines some currently conducted Campylobacter transcriptome and proteome analyses aimed at the explanation of the adaptation of the bacterium to different environments. The last part of the review concentrates on mechanisms which regulate the chicken gut colonization process, mainly the new, recently described, two-component signal transduction systems.
Gastroenteric parasites were found in 118 patients, which made up 1,1 % of the total number of patients. This number included 62 men and 50 women aged 17-74, 41 on average. The most frequent parasite was Giardia intestinalis. It was found in 82 patients, which constituted 0,78% of the total number of patients and 69,5% of patients infected by parasites. Trichuris trichiura was diagnosed in 16 patients, which made up 0,150% of the total number of patients and 13,4% of the cases of parasitoses. Ascariosis and oxyuriosis were observed in 8 and 7 patients, respectively. The most rarely found parasites were Taeniarhynchus saginatus (3 patients) and Strongyloides stercoralis (2). Parasitic diseases were most often concomitant with: cholecystitis (23 patients), and duodenal ulcer (15). The results of biochemical tests most frequently showed abnormal values of haemoglobin (31,3% of all parasitoses), elevated lipase values (28.8%), eosinophilia (22,2%). Hypoacidity was observed in 48,3% of cases and the positive bile culture results in 28,8%.
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