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The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method is widely used to assess the environmental impacts generated during the entire life cycles of products. The traditional process-based LCA (P-LCA), however, has some weaknesses. One of them is incompleteness resulting from the omission of environmental loads on the higher upstream orders of product system. This problem is called “truncation error.” There are some relatively new initiatives to combine the conventional P-LCA with the economic Input Output Analysis (IOA) in one general approach defined as a hybrid LCA. It allows solving different problems, even those which seemed to be unsolvable until now.
Scientific and empirical studies reveal that despite the implementation of new product development best practices, there are still many projects that fail within the framework of new product strategy. It means that costs are incurred by many stakeholders making up a specific network of relations, and not just enterprise. The conditions, under which companies operate, also affect strategic marketing and operational activities of the organisation. It is therefore no surprise that identifying and managing NPD have become increasingly important issues in the product innovation literature and practice. The main purpose of this conceptual article is to show interrelations between the level of the maturity progression of the new product development process (maturity growth of NPDP) and the level of security and success of a new product in the market. The article is to propose the conception of measuring the level of maturity progression of the new product development process in the context of its safety and success as well as managerial implications of the proposed measurement conception.
The topic of this article is to assess the ergonomic parameters of lighting in the production area in the production of innovative products. The objective was to obtain as much information as possible about the issue and also provide a measure for illumination in a manufacturing factory.
Agriculture is one of the most important sphere in the world. It’s development is a key question for all countries. Ukraine takes significant part on agricultural markets and has a big potential for future development. In last times, Ukraine is growing its export of agricultural products to the EU-countries. On the world food markets its plant and animal products are taking leading positions and are highly competitive. Ukraine made a big step in agricultural development since 1990th. In present times domestic enterprises developing new technologies and increasing volumes of production and processing. The main key points of Ukrainian agriculture development in described in article. Based on data analyses of FAO, World Bank and State Statistical Service of Ukraine, it was defined main points of increasing the competitiveness of Ukrainian agricultural products on the world market and forecasted its future development based on correlation and regression analysis which can help public and private sector to identify the strategies of cooperation with Ukrainian agricultural producers.
The purpose of this paper was to investigate how different affective states (positive vs. negative) influence weighting hedonic and utilitarian product attributes. The proposed hypotheses indicated that attributes consistent in valence with decision-makers affective state and product category should gain more weights than inconsistent features. Two experiments were carried out to test those predictions. The findings from the study suggest that the role of affective state on the perceived importance of product attribute is limited. Individuals who participated in Experiment 1 perceived hedonic attributes as more important than utilitarian ones when they experienced positive affect. On the other hand, Experiment 2 showed that participants in negative-affect group weighted consistent features more than inconsistent.
The article presents the benefits of co-creating value with consumers in a virtual environment based on the research conducted on a group of 134 enterprises. The issue of co-creation of value is now one of the new directions referring to the use of wisdom of “crowds” in building a competitive advantage of the enterprise. The article presents the benefits of using this approach in the organisations discussed in the literature and the opinions of managers about the benefits mentioned in the research.
The purpose of this study is to classify the activity of entrepreneurs in the fi eld of the integration of environmental concerns into the various phases of the life cycle of a product/ service and the evaluation of the potential of the selected elements of the organizations important from the perspective of expanding this activity. This paper includes an assessment of the signifi cance of some selected factors in the implementation of business support solutions in the adoption of pro-environmental ideas, and outlines the importance of the location as regards a natural, valuable area for the formation of eco-products. The study revealed no formal basis for the implementation of an eco-product policy and the pro-ecology motivation of half of the entities, resulting mainly from the need for compliance with environmental regulations. Activity in the shaping of eco-products requires a strengthening of the case study group and a more comprehensive approach. Its limitations are fi nancial and information barriers. Most respondents see opportunities for creating organic products as a result of their location.
Promotion and its various tools play a special role in marketing communication of enterprises with the child and teenage market. Young consumers perceive promotion first of all as actions, which bring them notable benefits in the form of the possible purchase of products at reduced prices or an opportunity to obtain free samples of goods or freebies.
The aim of the experiment was to assess the susceptibility of buckwheat grains and products to the infestation by Trogoderma granarium Everts. The observations were conducted on three buckwheat cultivars: Hruszowska, Emka and Kora. The results suggest that buckwheat grains and products as suitable for the development of the first larval stages of Trogoderma granarium as wheat grain and wheat flour. However, extension of the development stage on buckwheat seems to indicate that the seed cover inhibits the capacity of larvae to feed on buckwheat.
Lipid peroxidation is a process involving the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are basic components of biological membranes. Reactive electrophilic compounds are formed during lipid peroxidation, mainly α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. These compounds yield a number of adducts with DNA. Among them, propeno and substituted propano adducts of deoxyguanosine with malondialdehyde (MDA), acrolein, crotonaldehyde and etheno adducts, resulting from the reactions of DNA bases with epoxy aldehydes, are a very important group of adducts. The epoxy aldehydes are more reactive towards DNA than the parent unsaturated aldehydes. The compounds resulting from lipid peroxidation mostly react with DNA showing both genotoxic and mutagenic action; among them, 4-hydroxynonenal is the most genotoxic, while MDA is the most mutagenic. DNA damage caused by the adducts of lipid peroxidation products with DNA can be removed by the repairing action of glycosylases. The formed adducts have been hitherto analyzed using the IPPA (Imunopurification-32P-postlabelling assay) method and via gas chromatography/electron capture negtive chemical ionization/mass spectrometry (GC/EC NCI/MS). A combination of liquid chromatography with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ES-MSMS) with labelled inner standard has mainly been used in recent years.
Commercial egg white isolates (EWI) or concentrates contain substantial quantities of minerals and they easily form heat-induced gels. An innovative, low mineral EWI was used in the present research to investigate the influence of magnesium ions on the gelation process and on the release of these ions in simulated gastric conditions. Heat-induced gelation of egg white proteins was monitored by using an ultrasound viscometer and an oscillatory rheometer. Samples behaved as weak gels with the storage modulus about 5 times larger than the loss modulus. Both methods revealed two phases of gelation. More elastic behavior of gels with an increased magnesium ion concentration can be explained by a higher number of bonds between protein molecules observed in transmission electron microscopy images. An increased concentration of magnesium ions in gel caused an increased release rate of these ions in simulated gastric conditions, which was probably caused by a higher surface roughness of the gel. Higher roughness of the gel surface enlarges the contact area and enables faster hydrolysis. The egg white isolate gels with a high bioavailability organic form of magnesium could be used as food supplement with a regulated magnesium release rate in the human stomach.
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