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Przeprowadzono analizę danych piśmiennictwa krajowego z okresu ostatniego pięćdziesięciolecia na temat stężenia hemoglobiny we krwi oraz częstości występowania niedokrwistości z niedoboru żelaza w różnych grupach ludności polskiej. W oparciu o te dane oraz wyniki badań własnych wykazano, że populacjami najbardziej narażonymi na niedobór żelaza są kobiety w wieku rozrodczym i dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym. Nie obserwuje się istotnej poprawy w tym zakresie na przestrzeni lat 1937—1987. Stan ten wymaga prowadzenia profilaktyki, przy czym autorzy sugerują wzbogacanie wybranych produktów spożywczych w żelazo. Jest to zarówno skuteczny jak i bezpieczny sposób poprawy zasobów żelaza w organizmie.
The most effective and the cheapest method of cardiovascular disease prevention is changing lifestyle. Cardiovascular disease is caused by many factors. They include: a diet rich in saturated fat and cholesterol, smoking, a sedentary lifestyle, physical inactivity, overweight and obesity. The aim of the research was to assess the level of knowledge of the students of the Medical University about cardiovascular disease prevention. Material and methods: Research was conducted on 200 students of the Medical University of Lublin, residing in the Student House No. 4 in Lublin. Self-authorship questionnaires were used to assess the level of knowledge of the students of the Medical University about cardiovascular disease prevention. Research results: The students of the Medical University have broad knowledge about the influence of physical activity, diet, cigarettes and alcohol use on cardiovascular disease prevention. 90.5 percent of the respondents know that smoking greatly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. More than a half of the students are aware that excessive alcohol consumption has a negative impact on the cardiovascular system. 38.67 percent of the respondents recognize moderate alcohol consumption as protective for cardiovascular disease. The remaining 3.13 percent of the students have no knowledge about this issue. Almost half of the respondents (45 percent) is aware that psychosocial factors have an impact on the cardiovascular system. 86.5 percent of the students believe that there is a correlation between cardiovascular disease and factors such as: low socioeconomic status, social isolation, stress, negative emotions, depression. The remaining 13.5 percent of the respondents have incomplete knowledge about this issue. Almost the half of the respondents knows that type A personality increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, whereas the remaining 52 percent of the students have incomplete knowledge about this issue.
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Background. Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumour in women in Poland. To reduce the risk of breast cancer, appropriate prevention is necessary. Numerous studies conducted over many years in Poland and throughout the world have demonstrated a significant effect of selenium on prevention of disease, including breast cancer in women. The following paper aims to present the literature on effects of selenium (Se) on prevention of breast cancer in women. Material and methods. Based on national and international literature, the paper presents information on the role of selenium (Se) in prevention of breast cancer in women. Results. Numerous studies conducted in research centres in Poland and abroad have shown that female patients with breast cancer and individuals with gastrointestinal cancer have significantly lower selenium concentration in their blood serum and whole blood, as well as significantly lower GSH - Px activity in plasma and red blood cells, compared to healthy women. Low selenium concentration may indicate an increased risk of breast cancer. Selenium is an essential co-factor in the production of antioxidant enzymes and may affect the development of cancer. Clinical trials which assessed selenium content in food showed that its supplementation reduced cancer mortality. Conclusions. Results of numerous national and prospective international studies indicate that low selenium intake and/or concentration in serum/plasma/nails is a high-risk marker of the majority of cancers, including breast cancer in women.
Omówiono metody uzdrowiskowego leczenia chorób cywilizacyjnych. Podkreślono, że terapia uzdrowiskowa jest leczeniem ekologicznym, kładącym szczególny nacisk na profilaktykę schorzeń i ich powikłań. Dokonano analizy form oświaty zdrowotnej stosowanych w polskich uzdrowiskach.
The objective of this study is to establish a geographical information system method for spatial assessment of soil erosion based on the universal soil loss equation (USLE), and to evaluate the utility of GIS with regard to soil erosion mapping. The study area, Goynuk, covers 1,437 square kilometers and is located in the southeastern part of Bolu, Turkey. In this study, USLE factors including rainfall erosivity (R-factor), soil erodibility (K-factor), slope and slope length (LS-factor), vegetative cover (C-factor), and conservation practice (Pfactor) were studied and reviewed. Each factor, which consists of a set of logically related geographic features and attributes, was used as an input for analysis. A land use map of the study area was generated from (Landsat TM 2000) satellite imagery. A digital elevation model (DEM) interpolated from elevation contours was used to generate the slope and LS-factor. Spatial vegetative cover, extracted from Landsat TM imagery, was used to determine the spatial C-factor and P-factor, values of which are based on experimental results from the literature. USLE model calculation applied to the resultant polygonal layer gave values of soil loss in tons/ha/year. These are then ranked into three classes as low, moderate, and high. The study indicated that highly eroded areas are bare lands and steep conditions, whereas less eroded areas are low slope classes. As a conclusion the study confirms that the use of GIS and remotely sensed data can greatly enhance spatial modeling for soil erosion.
Interferon-a (IFN-a) is well known as a clinically effective antiviral and antineoplastic therapeutic agent. It has also been shown to have immunoregulatory properties. IFN-a stimulates a cell-mediated innate immune response and then participates in the transition of the initial host innate response to an effective adaptive immune response. IFN-a is produced in small quantities in nasal secretions during viral infections, prompting many authors to suggest that low-dose oromucosal administration of IFN-a effectively mimics nature. Moreover, the injectable high-dose interferon therapy currently approved for various human disorders causes numerous side effects. By contrast, oromucosal administration of IFN-a is not associated with toxic effects. Another distinct advantage is ease of administration: the IFN can be dissolved in drinking water or administered by nebulization to the oral or nasal cavity. This review describes the current state of knowledge concerning orally administered IFN-a, of both human and animal origin, as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent in veterinary medicine. We present the effects of IFN-a in such animals as cattle, pigs, horses, cats, dogs and chickens, and attempt to explain its mechanism of action following oromucosal administration. It is hoped that this review of the medical literature on the use of IFN-a in animals will give practitioners a better understanding of the challenges and benefits of using this interesting cytokine in clinical practice.
Diatomaceous earth in the prevention of worm infestation in purebred pigeons. The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of diatomaceous earth in the prevention of worm infestation in purebred pigeons and forms of its application. Diatomaceous earth (diatomite) was given to pigeons in the province of Mazovia. The following pigeon breeds were used in the experiment: Warsaw butterfly, Berlin white tail, starling and Polish owl. An addition of the natural mineral at 2% of the daily dose of feed was given for three weeks in nine dovecotes. The pigeons were divided into two groups. The Group I comprised 150 birds in five dovecotes. These birds were given grain (feed mix for pigeons, made by Kampol) plus diatomite mixed with a mineral additive (mineral complementary feed, made by Biowet). Group II comprised 150 birds in the other five dovecotes. These birds were given grain (feed mix for pigeons, made by Kampol) mixed with diatomite. The experiment found that the number of parasite eggs in the group I was reduced after a week following the application of diatomite, whereas the number of Capillaria nematode eggs and the proportion of Eimeria coccidia oocysts decreased considerably in group II.
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