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The level of residues of active substances of the fungicides Captan 80 WG and Thiram Granuflo 80 WG applied in protection against apple storage diseases and their effectiveness were investigated. Captan 80 WG was used to protect against bull`s eye rot of cultivar Szampion apples in 11 protection programs, in which it was applied from 1 to 4 treatments at various combinations of terms (28, 21, 14, 7 days before harvest). Thiram Granuflo 80 WG was used against storage scab of cultivar Jonagored apples in 4 protection programs, in which the treatments were applied in terms: 14 and 7 days before harvest. Fruits from trees not treated with the fungicides were regard as the control. It was found, that double application of the Captan 80 WG in terms of 21 and 14 days before harvest was safe for captan residues in apples, and had a very good efficacy against bull`s eye rot of apples. In turn, Thiram Granuflo 80 WG significantly restricted the storage scab after one application, only at low disease severity. However, when the infection was higher, significant effectiveness was obtained by double use of Thiram Granuflo 80 WG while the content of CS2, as dithiocarbamates indicator met the standard requirements.
This paper presents results of pesticide residues research in berry fruits and fruit juices from the north-eastern Poland in 2005–2009. During five-year testing totally 460 samples of fruit and fruit juices were analysed (mainly raspberries, strawberries and currants). 48.7% (224) samples contained pesticide residues below maximum residue levels 38.0% (175) and above MRLs 10.7% (49). 140 active substances were searched and 32 were found, which generally constituted fungicides (dithiocarbamates, procymidone, flusiazole) and less insecticides (fenitrothion, fenazaquin, chloryrifos). Samples with forbidden plant protection products were also determined like tolylfluanid (F) in strawberries and endosulfan (I) in currants. In 25% samples more than one residue were found (from two to seven residues).
Analysis of pesticide residues was performed by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) with Photodiode Array Detector (PDA). Mushroom samples were prepared by acetonitrile extraction. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a BEH C18 analytical column (2.1 mm 􀂰 150 mm), 1.7 μm particle size at flow rate of 0.25 ml/min. Validation studies were carried out on mushroom. In the linear range (0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg) of each pesticide, the correlation coefficient was R2 > 0.99. The relative standard deviation was below 17.1% for all pesticides. The recovery and repeatability of results are in compliance with SANCO/2009 criteria (i.e. average recoveries were in the range 70–120% with RSDs < 20%) for all pesticides The developed method was successfully applied for determination of pesticide residues in mushroom, apple and black currant.
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