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Paper presented - on selected examples - relationships between the quality and economic effectiveness of potato production. An important role in this relation play the costs of quality. These costs are strongly differentiated depending on the direction of potato production and utilization. The highest are the costs in case of seed potato production whereas the lowest in case of starchy potatoes. Insufficient predictability of the market is a factor limiting the effectiveness of activities improving the quality of produced potatoes. Consequently, the connection of potato price with their quality is relatively slight.
The effects of different nitrogen fertilization rates (100, 125 kg N·ha⁻¹) on the yield and qualitative characters of one German (Romula) and two Dutch (Lady Claire, Saturna) chip potato cultivars were studied. Field experiment was conducted within 2003-2005 in NE Poland, by using the randomized block and split-plot method, in four replications. The total tuber yield, yield structure, starch content, starch yield, concentration of reducing sugars, suitability of potato tubers for frying, as well as gross and marginal fertilization efficiency, were determined. The growing seasons 2003 and 2005 were classified as dry and warm, whereas the year 2004 was described as wet and warm. The highest total and marketable tuber yields and the highest starch yield were attained in case of the medium-early cultivar Romula. Romula cv. was also characterized by the lowest proportion of small tubers (< 40 mm) and the highest proportion of large tubers (> 60 mm). This cultivar responded to an increase in nitrogen rate by the highest gross productivity. The medium-late Saturna cultivar showed the highest starch content, at highest proportion of small tubers (< 40 mm), lowest proportion of large tubers, and the lowest marketable tuber yield. The early Lady Claire cultivar provided the lowest total tuber yield as well as the lowest yield and content of starch. Both, the concentration of reducing sugars and suitability for frying were satisfactory in all tested potato cultivars. The effect of nitrogen fertilization on total and marketable tuber yield, and starch yield was not confirmed by statistical analysis. Only in 2004 the higher nitrogen rate (125 kg N·ha⁻¹) significantly increased the starch content in tubers.
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The level of reducing sugars in tubers and the colour of fried potato products after tubers’ storage at 8°C and differentiated CO₂ concentration (1,3, 5%), were examined. The following cultivars were examined: Asterix, Saturna, Tokaj and Monsun. The content of reducing sugars in tubers of tested potato cultivars - after storage in the atmosphere of risen CO₂ concentrations (1, 3, 5%) - was lower than 0.15%. The highest content of reducing sugars was found in tubers stored in atmosphere of 5% CO₂ concentration. The colour of fried products was acceptable for all potato cultivars stored under all CO₂ concentrations, however the potatoes stored at 5% CO₂ concentration showed slightly darker colour than the other. Longer storage period caused worse colour of chips and french fries, specialy from tubers stored under atmosphere with high CO₂ concentration (5%).
Doświadczenie przeprowadzono w laboratoryjnej suszarce fontannowej. Pomiary prowadzono przy stałej prędkości powietrza na wlocie (ok. 6 m·s⁻¹) i dwóch temperaturach suszenia (50°C i 90°C). Początkowa wysokość złoża suszonego materiału wynosiła 0,15 m. Podwyższenie temperatury czynnika suszącego od 50°C do 90°C spowodowało w warunkach doświadczenia wzrost średniej szybkości suszenia od ok. 0,02 do ok. 0,052 kg H₂O·kg⁻¹ s.m.·min⁻¹ oraz wzrost średniego strumienia odparowania od ok. 94 do ok. 147 kg H₂O·m⁻³·godz.⁻¹.
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