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The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of the type of solvent and time on efficiency of the extraction of polyphenols and antioxidant properties extracts obtained from green tea. Extraction was conducted at room temperature using four solvents: water and 80% ethanol, 80% methanol and 80% acetone (water solutions, v/v) at 15, 30 and 60 minutes. Extracts were analysed for contents of polyphenols and catechins. The antioxidant properties have been determined by two methods: scavenging activity against DPPH and the method with ABTS+. The abilities of extracts to chelate iron ions (II) have been investigated too. On the basis of findings it turned out that both type of solvent and time have a significant influence on extraction of polyphenols from green tea. The best solvent for the extraction of total polyphenols was 80% acetone, whereas for catechins was water. The increase of extraction of polyphenols with prolonged extraction time was observed. All extracts had antioxidant properties against DPPH and ABTS+ and abilities to chelate iron ions (II)
Scutellaria barbata D.Don is an important medicinal plant used in traditional Chinese phytotherapy. It has been recently acclimated with success to Central European climatic conditions. Here, we present the results of chromatographic studies of herb collected from plants cultivated in Poland with respect to polyphenols compounds. By means of TLC and HPLC analyses we were able to detect several flavonoids: baicalein, luteolin, wogonin, apigenin, quercetin and kaempferol as well as ellagic and p-coumaric acids. From this study we can conclude a satisfactory quality of the crude drug from acclimated plants.
Wykorzystując wysokosprawną chromatografię cieczową (HPLC) zbadano występowanie i oznaczono zawartość związków polifenolowych w liściach dwóch odmian pszenżyta ozimego (Dagro i Malno). Wyodrębniono frakcję wolnych polifenoli w siedmiu fazach rozwojowych pszenżyta i poddano ją analizie chromatograficznej na kolumnie z odwróconymi fazami (Eurospher C-18) w warunkach izokratycznych. Jako fazę rozwijającą zastosowano metanol - 0, IM KH2P04 (55:45). Zidentyfikowano i oznaczono zawartość pięciu związków polifenolowych, tj. katecholu, kumaryny, kwasu chlorogenowego, rutyny i (-)-epikatechiny. Dominującym polifenolem liści badanych odmian pszenżyta ozimego był kwas chlorogenowy. Przeprowadzone badania dowiodły, iż skład jakościowy i wysoka zawartość oznaczonych polifenoli w liściach odmiany Malno ma duży wpływ na jej konstytucyjną odporność na mszyce zbożowe.
The total polyphenols content in investigated plums, as well as anthocyanins and flavanols, was rather low (160-300 mg/100 g, 1833 mg/100 g and 914 mg/100 g of fruits, respectively). (+) Catechin occurring in quantities from 1.3 to 3.9 mg/100 g was found to be a dominant compound representing biologically active monomers and dimers of flavanols. The highest quantities of hydroxycinnamic acids, especially neochlorogenic one, (46-85 mg/100 g) are found in all plum varieties. The main anthocyanin pigments of plums are cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidine-3- rutinoside; they make up 42 to 62% of the total anthocyanins. All investigated plum varieties show high polyphenoloxidase activity but there are substantial differences between particular varieties ranging from 3200 to 17200 U/g.
Influence of fruit development and ripening on the changes in physico-chemical properties, antiradical activity and the accumulation of polyphenolic compounds were investigated in Maoluang fruits. Total phenolics content (TP) was assayed according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and accounted for 19.60-8.66 mg GAE/gf.w. The TP gradually decreased from the immature to the over ripe stages. However, the total anthocyanin content (TA) showed the highest content at the over ripe stage, with an average value of 141.94 mg/100 g f.w. The antiradical activity (AA) of methanolic extracts from Maoluang fruits during development and ripening were determined with DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging. The highest AA was ob­served at the immature stage accompanied by the highest content of gallic acid and TP. Polyphenols were quantified by HPLC. The level of procyanidin B2, procyanidin B1, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, rutin and tran-resveratrol as the main polyphenol compounds, increased during fruit development and ripening. Other phenolic acids such as gallic, caffeic, and ellagic acids significantly decreased (p < 0.05) during fruit development and ripening. At over ripe stage, Maoluang possess the highest antioxi- dants. Thus, the over ripe stage would be the appropriate time to harvest when taking nutrition into consideration. This existing published information provides a helpful daily diet guide and useful guidance for industrial utilization of Maoluang fruits.
The aim of the study was to determine the protective action of extracts from apple, strawberry and chokeberry with respect to linoleic acid and the biological membrane exposed to oxidation induced by physicochemical factors. The activity of the extracts was determined by measuring inhibition of lipid oxidation in red blood cell membrane, induced with UVC radiation and the AAPH radical. The protective effect of the extracts was essayed fl uorimetrically and spectrophotometrically. These results together with the ones obtained earlier explain the mechanism of the interaction between the extracts and the red blood cell membrane. The mechanism consists in the incorporation into the membrane and screening the cell against oxidation. The results indicate that the extracts possess very good antioxidant properties, since at the highest concentrations used (0.1 mg/mL) they protect the biological membranes almost entirely against oxidation. Among the extracts studied the best antioxidant properties were exhibited by the apple fruit, which gave 80% or 100% protection of the membrane at 0.05 mg/mL concentration of dry matter, for UVC and AAPH inductors, respectively.
The main objective of the current work is to search the antioxidant activities of Origanum acutidens leaves by using DPPH, FRAP and CUPRAC methods severally. Three well known antioxidant compounds (BHA, BHT and ascorbic acid) were used as standards for comparing the extracts. Also, phenolic compounds of Origanum acutidens leaves were identified by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The high concentrations of rosmarinic acid (11158.99 ppb) quinic acid (3200.84 ppb) and naringenin (1238.45 ppb) were detected quantitatively.
The aim of the study was to compare the polyphenolic composition of extracts from different plant sources. Extracts from two new plants rich in polyphenols, i.e. chokeberries and honeysuckle, were compared with the well-investigated green tea polyphenols. All extracts obtained were characterised by a high content of polyphenols: green tea – 611 mg/g, honeysuckle – 633 mg/g and chokeberries – 714 mg/g. Honeysuckle and chokeberries extracts consisted mainly of anthocyanins (321.2 and 404.5 mg/g, respectively), whereas green tea extract contained mainly flavan-3-ols (587.9 mg/ g).
“Immune escape” is a crucial instrument used by carcinoma cells to overcome numerous strategies of immune system to delete transformed cells. Cellular factors that make cancer cells immune to defence mechanisms are incompletely understood while some remain ambiguous. Up to date evidence points to some proteins and/or signaling molecules that might be a basis for unusual behavior of cancer cells. In particular STAT kinases are currently in the main focuse of attention since they were both shown to accelerate and/or to inhibit apoptosis. In our studies we observed that human colorectal COLO 205 cancer cells were resistant to TNF-alpha- or cycloheximide-induced cytotoxicity. However, when TNF-alpha (10 ng/ml) has been given along with cycloheximide (5 µg/ml, CHX) COLO 205 cells died extensively from apoptosis. Apparently, cycloheximide sensitized cells to TNF-alpha-induced programmed cell death. To investigate the role of STAT-1alpha in CHX-mediated TNF-alpha-induced COLO 205 cell death certain polyphenolic compounds were studied if they modulate STAT-1alpha phosphorylation status and STAT-1alpha-protein interaction at the level of TNF-alpha signalosome in the 6th, 12th, and 24th hour of experiment. Neither of phenolic compound, namely PI-3K inhibitor (LY294002, 20 µM) nor MEK inhibitor (PD98059, 50 µM), nor flavonol quercetin or kaempferol (10, 100 µM) in contrast to apigenin (20 µM) influenced COLO 205 cell viability during individual or combined treatment with TNF-alpha and CHX. We conclude, that some antiapoptotic proteins were involved but not STAT-1alpha kinase to resist TNF-alpha-dependent cell death promoting activity. Summing up, except apigenin, the above-mentioned polyphenolic componds were unable to modulate survival signal in COLO 205 cells initially believed to be suppressed by STAT-1alpha.
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