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In order to evaluate the yield, yield components and some physiological and qualitative traits of corn treated with nitrogen fertilizers (biological, chemical and integrated), a field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of Khorramabad during 2016 growing season. Treatments were arranged in a complete randomized block design with four replications. Experimental treatments consisted of 100% chemical fertilizer (urea), bio-fertilizer (nitroxin), integration of bio-fertilizer + 25% chemical fertilizer, integration of bio-fertilizer + 50% chemical fertilizer, integration of bio-fertilizer + 75% chemical fertilizer and the control. Results showed that the effect of different treatments of fertilizers on all measured traits, except for number of rows in each ear and carotenoids, was significant. The results indicated that integration of bio-fertilizer + 75% chemical fertilizer affected the highest grain yield (9.31 t ha–1), dry biological yield (20.96 t ha–1), number of kernels in each row (41.67), plant height (201.02 cm), hectoliter weight (0.82 g cm–3), chlorophyll b (0.43 mg g–1 FW), total chlorophyll (1.1 mg g–1 FW) and leaf area index (LAI) (4) and there was no significant difference among this treatment and 100% chemical fertilizer (N) and integration of bio-fertilizer + 50% chemical fertilizer treatments in all measured traits. The greatest harvest index (45.8) and grain protein-content (9.1%) resulted from the integration of biofertilizer + 50% chemical fertilizer treatment. Also the highest 1000-grains weight (281.13 g) and chlorophyll a (0.66 mg g–1 FW) were caused by 100% chemical fertilizer (urea) treatments. Results showed that integration of bio-fertilizer + chemical fertilizer could be considered as a means to reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizers for sustainable agriculture.
New early potato cultivars were assessed in respect of their yield increase rate. Moreover, the morphological and physiological plant traits correlated with high level of yielding were determined. Two Polish cultivars (Gracja and Korona) and two foreign (Molly and Rosalind - German) cultivars were chosen to investigations. The field experiment was conducted in years 2003-2005 in split-plot arrangement and four replications. During growing period, every week after the end of plant emergence the above-ground part of plants and tuber yield were measured. The following indices were calculated: leaf area index (LAI), leaf stem ratio (LSR), specific leaf area (SLA). The final yield of tested cultivars was highly correlated with mass of leaves produced by plant and LAI index. The Korona cultivar was characterized by the highest yield and yielding stability. The tolerance of potato cultivars to cold stress during the first growing period may be higher in case of the local cultivars than in case of the foreign ones but this thesis needs the further studies on larger number of cultivars to be confirmed.
Propagation conditions of bedding plants can eliminate or reduce the possibility of AMF inoculation of the root system during greenhouse production. Due to the ability of AMF to increase plant growth the effects of AMF and CO₂ enrichment on rooting and some physiological traits of geranium and osteospermum cuttings were investigated. AMF and CO₂ enrichment increased leaf number and fresh and dry weights of osteospermum shoots. Mycorrhization also significantly increased the length and fresh and dry weights of osteospermum roots formed in CO₂ enriched atmosphere but it did not affect root system developed in ambient atmosphere. AMF increased the length and fresh weight of geranium roots, irrespectively of CO₂ concentration, and dry weight of roots in CO₂ enriched atmosphere. Transpiration and stomatal conductance values were higher in inoculated osteospermum at higher CO₂ concentration. Mycorrhization and CO₂ enrichment increased photosynthetic activity of garden geranium leaves and this effect was connected with the increased ratio of variable to maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm).
This study was conducted to determine the impact of heat stress on some physiological and endocrine traits in Saanen goats raised under Mediterranean climate conditions. The effects of thermal stress on heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT) on plasma total trii-odothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), Cortisol (C), and HSP70 concentrations were evaluated on twenty two Saanen goats of different ages in the second week of April 2013, July 2013, October 2013 and January 2014. Climatic data such as temperature (°C) and relative humidity (%) were recorded from Spring 2013 to Winter 2014. Live body and BCS values were also recorded during this period. The physiological parameters above were measured twice on each experiment day (morning and afternoon) in all seasons. Blood samples were collected in each afternoon of the experiment day to analyze T3, T4 C, and HSP70. All data were analyzed. According to the values of rectal temperature (RT), it was estimated that the goats were under extreme heat stress only in the summer season. The heart rate (HR) values in the winter season for morning and noon periods were found statistically significant (p < 0.05). The average respiratory rate (RR) in the spring season was found significantly lower. On the other hand, the RR for the noon period in the summer was higher than in the fall and winter seasons (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between summer and fall seasons for C values. The highest value (96.62 ng/ml) was obtained in spring, whereas the lowest (60.58 ng/ml) in the fall. T3 levels in the fall and winter were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). They were the highest in the winter and spring, and the lowest in fall. T4 and T4/T3 levels in the winter were found to be statistically higher than in other seasons (p < 0.05). The lowest value for T4 was found in the fall and for T4/T3 in summer. Mean HSP70 value in spring was found to be statistically low (p < 0.05). The changes in THI values in different seasons, particularly between mornings and afternoons, indicated that thermal stress was evident, and that the animals became resistant to it eventually. The fluctuations of the C, T3, T4 and HSP70 values were indicators of the animals’ reaction to thermal stress. The THI values in spring, which were between 16 and 18 THI, may be considered within the ideal comfort zone for goats. It was observed that Saanen goats were able to adapt to seasonal weather changes in the environmental conditions of the region.
W pracy oceniano zmienność fenotypową u 10 linii wsobnych żyta ozimego wyselekcjonowanych z różnych odmian uprawnych i form hodowlanych. Różnice pomiędzy liniami dotyczyły cech związanych z produktywnością roślin: długości źdźbła i kłosa, krzewistości, liczby ziaren z kłosa, masy 1000 ziaren, plonu ziarna z rośliny, intensywności fotosyntezy netto i transpiracji, a także liczby chloroplastów w mezofilu oraz zawartości chlorofilu. Wybrane linie wsobne żyta charakteryzowały się dużym zróżnicowaniem pod względem wymienionych cech i wykazywały wartości skrajne. Spośród analizowanych linii wyróżniała się linia J74, która miała najwyższe wartości dla większości cech (długość kłosa, liczba ziaren z kłosa i roślin, ulistnienie oraz aktywność fotosyntetyczna), co predysponuje ją do zastosowania w hodowli wysokoproduktywnych, heterozyjnych odmian żyta.
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