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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used for the study of two-component lipid membranes. Phosphatidylcholine and ceramide were to be investigated, since they play an important biochemical role in cell membranes. The research on biolipid interaction was focused on quantitative description of processes that take part in a bilayer. Assumed models of interaction between amphiphilic molecules and the equilibria that take place there were described by mathematical equations for the studied system. The possibility of complex formation for two-component system forming bilayers was assumed that could explain the deviation from additivity rule. Equilibria were described by mathematical equations that were further verified experimentally. The determined values of parameters (stability constant, molecular area of complex, capacitance and conductance of the lipid membranes formed from molecules and complexes) were used for calculation of model curves. The comparison of model curves and experimental points verified the assumed model
Oligonucleotides (ODNs) are short (up to 30 bases) fragments of single-stranded nucleic acids that are used as sequence specific regulators of gene expression and anti-sense based therapeutics. ODNs are frequently aggregated with particulates in order to improve their pharmacological characteristics. Complexes of ODN and lipid aggregates are among the most commonly mentioned in the literature. In order to control the formation and final properties of such aggregates, a detailed description of how ODN interacts with the lipid surface is needed. In this paper, we present the results of fluorescence measurements regarded an association of 20 base ODN, labelled with fluorescein, and a lipid surface containing various amount of positive charge. Unilamellar lipid vesicles were formed from egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) and various amounts of the cationic lipid l,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium- propane (DOTAP). It was found that about 20 mol% of DOTAP in the lipid bilayer suffices to obtain complete ODN association. This result was further confirmed via measurements performed by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). These in turn showed that the diffusion time of labelled ODN in the presence of cationic liposomes decreases. Also, the particle number and count rate were reduced, concurring with conclusions derived from steady state fluorescence spectroscopy results.
It was previously shown that the beta-spectrin ankyrin-binding domain binds lipid domains rich in PE in an ankyrin-dependent manner, and that its N-terminal sequence is crucial in interactions with phospholipids. In this study, the effect of the full-length ankyrin-binding domain of β-spectrin on natural erythrocyte and HeLa cell membranes was tested. It was found that, when encapsulated in resealed erythrocyte ghosts, the protein representing the full-length ankyrin-binding domain strongly affected the shape and barrier properties of the erythrocyte membrane, and induced partial spectrin release from the membrane, while truncated mutants had no effect. As found previously (Bok et al. Cell Biol. Int. 31 (2007) 1482–94), overexpression of the full-length GFP-tagged ankyrin-binding domain aggregated and induced aggregation of endogenous spectrin, but this was not the case with overexpression of proteins truncated at their N-terminus. Here, we show that the aggregation of spectrin was accompanied by the aggregation of integral membrane proteins that are known to be connected to spectrin via ankyrin, i.e. Na+K+ATP-ase, IP3 receptor protein and L1 CAM. By contrast, the morphology of the actin cytoskeleton remained unchanged and aggregation of cadherin E or N did not occur upon the overexpression of either full-length or truncated ankyrin-binding domain proteins. The obtained results indicate a substantial role of the lipid-binding part of the β-spectrin ankyrin-binding domain in the determination of the membrane and spectrin-based skeleton functional properties.
Petkowicz J., Byra A., Szumiło T: The hypoglycaemic response of diabetic rats to insulin-liposomes. Acta Physiol. Pol., 1990 41(1-3): 97-103. We prepared insulin-liposomes using one combination of lipids including phosphatidylcholine (cholesterol) stearylamine, 7/2/1 (molar ratio). Non-sonicated liposomes (LMV) and sonicated liposomes (SUV) contained about 20% and 5% of insulin, respectively. Free insulin was removed from liposomes-associated insulin by ultracentrifugation, or ultrafdtration on Sepharose 6B column. Insulin preparations were administered parenterally and non-parenterally into male, Wistar rats with alloxan diabetes to produce the hypoglycaemia. In case of i.v. and s.e. routes of administration all preparations acted in the similar manner giving the clear hypoglycaemia after 2 h. When administered intragastrically only liposome insulin caused hypoglycaemia. In case of buccal and nasal routes of administration only SUV-insulin was effective.
Capacity and electric resistance of lipid membranes composed of lecithin and cholesterol were determined. The components were chosen for the study because they were present in biological membranes. Capacitance of the lecithin and cholesterol membranes amounts to 0.38 and 0.61 μF/cm2, and resistance to 1.44xl04 and 2.12x 106 Ω cm2, respectively. A 1:1 complex appears as a result of lecithin-cholesterol membrane formation. Parameters of the membrane formed of the lecithin-cholesterol complex were determined: surface concentration (Γ3), capacitance (C3), and conductance (R 31), as well as the stability constant (K) of the complex. The mean values of those magnitudes are as follows: 4.265xl0-6 mol/m2, 0.54 μF/cm2, 1.381xl0-6 Ω-1 cm-2 and 3.748x107, respectively.
The results of molecular dynamics simulation of fully hydrated dimyristoyl­phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) bilayer membrane in the liquid-crystalline phase are presented. They show that the probability of a gauche conformation varies periodically along the chain with only a slight increase towards the end of the chain. However, the frequency of transition between conformations increases, due to a decrease in the lifetime of the trans conformation, along the chain. The average lifetimes for trans conformations are in the range of 1-2 x 10-10 s and for gauche conformations in the range of 4-7 x 10-11 s. The α-chain of the DMPC head group has mainly an extended conformation, due to predominantly trans conformation of α5 torsion. The rotational correlation time for the P-N vector is 3.7 ns. The C2-C1-011-P fragment of the DMPC head group (θ1, α1, α2 torsions) is rigid while the P-012-C11-C12 fragment ( α3, α4, α5 torsions) is flexible. The lateral diffusion coefficient for DMPC self-diffusion in the mem­brane is 2 x 10-7 cm2/s; the rate of transverse diffusion is the same. Large differences in the calculated rotational correlation times for the a-, β-, γ-chains and for the 021-Cl-vector indicate that in the liquid-crystalline bilayer each segment of the DMPC molecule exhibits its own rotational freedom, in addition to its internal flexibility resulting from rotational isomerism. The results obtained in these calculations, although in general agreement with some ex­perimental data, shed new light on the dynamical behaviour of phosphatidyl­choline molecules in the bilayer membrane in the liquid-crystalline phase.
The process of self-assembly and the electromechanical properties of bilayer lipid membranes (BLM) were investigated. The membranes were made of phosphatidylcholine with the addition of bolaamphiphilic steroid dimer. The membranes were formed using the Mueller-Rudin method. Membrane formation in the presence of the dimer was much faster and they were more stable than those formed in the absence of the dimer. The membranes formed by this method usually contain residues of a solvent used in the formation process which increases membrane thickness. Thus, the membranes formed from pure phosphatidylcholine had an average thickness of 5.9 nm. The addition of steroid dimer to the forming solution caused the thickness to decrease to 3.9 nm. An external voltage applied to the bilayer lipid membranes caused electrocompression. The presence of bolaamphiphilic steroid dimer in the membranes decreased the electrocompressibility by approximately 20 times. The dimer molecules „spanned” both monolayers of the membranes and caused the membrane thickness to decrease during their formation. The presence of the dimer in the membrane limited the mobility of solvent inside the membrane. The membranes formed with the dimer have such properties as thickness, stability, resistance, breakdown voltage, electrocompressibility, and time of formation more adequate for their application as a biomembrane model and support for sensors based on biomembrane molecules.
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