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Issues related to storage and elimination of obsolete pesticides concern all developing countries. Eastern Europe is a region with the largest stocks in the world. In Poland, the problem with obsolete pesticides has its roots in history. Storage sites and containers in which obsolete pesticides were deposited posed, or continue to pose, a threat to the environment. The spatial conditions, particularly land features and features of the object, can actually increase environment risk. The proposed algorithm makes it possible to distinguish areas where poisonous substances posing the greatest threat to the environment are stored. This knowledge will help to determine the priorities for waste removal and monitoring of environmental receptors.
The process of pesticide (gamma -HCH and inactive isomers alpha- and beta -HCH, DDT, DMDT, fenitrothion and chlorfenvinphos) removal from industrial wastewater using Fenton's reaction has been analysed. Most of the pesticides were completely degraded at H2O2 Concentration of 2.5 g/dm(3); however, only at 5 g/dm(3) were all the examined pesticides completely removed and the results repeatable. The most effective process was for fenitrothion (from 98.5 to 100%) and chlorfenvinphos (from 97.1 to 100%), whereas organochlorine pesticides were removed with efficiency of more than 90%. The optimum ratio of [Fe2+] to [H2O2] was from 1:3 to 1:2 while the optimum pH was from 3.0 to 3.5. Tests based upon a bioluminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri NRRL B-11177, at optimized Fenton's reaction parameters, show the reduction of toxicity to non-toxic levels.
Fruit and vegetables are a valuable and essential component of a human diet. Unfortunately, the widespread and increasingly popular use of pesticides has largely magnified quantities of pesticide residues in these plant products. Among the best methods for removal of these contaminants from food of plant origin are food processing technologies, which affect the levels of pesticide residues to various degrees. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different water and thermal processing treatments on pesticide residue concentrations in selected fruit and vegetables obtained from controlled field and tunnel trials. Black currants, broccoli, strawberries and tomatoes sprayed with plant protection products were analyzed. Washing by immersion in chlorine and in ozonated water as well as boiling were used to assess the removal of eleven pesticides in blackcurrants, broccoli, strawberries and tomatoes. Processing factors, which were determined for each combination of a pesticide, commodity and processing method, ranged between 0.03 and 1.66. Washing in ozonated water was more effective than washing in chlorinated water. However, high temperature at boiling caused a significant decrease in the concentration of most compounds (up to 97%), although there were some exceptions. The thermal treatment proved to be the most effective technological process removing pesticide residues from different commodities. The water and thermal processing technologgies tested in this experiment are promising methods for fast and simple removal of pesticide residues from broccoli, black currants, strawberries, tomatoes and possibly other commodities.
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