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Deer antler velvet (DAV) supplementation purportedly increases athletic performance; however, little data support this claim. The primary aim of our study is to examine DAV and exercise performance. We randomized 32 men (18–35 y) participating exclusively in resistance training (>4 y) to 10-weeks of randomly assigned, double blind, DAV (1350 mg, 2×/day) or placebo treatments. Primary outcomes included maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max), maximal strength (1RM; bench press and squat) and anaerobic cycling power. Secondary outcomes included comprehensive blood profiles and body composition. We used general linear models to determine changes following treatment. Eighteen participants (n = 9) completed the study with DAV participants showing significant improvements in VO2max (4.30 ±0.45 to 4.72 ±0.60 L/min, P < 0.04). The placebo and DAV groups increased bench press and squat 1RM (both, P < 0.04); yet, when expressed relative to body mass, only the DAV group showed significant bench press (4%) and squat (10%; both, P < 0.02). Neither group improved cycling performance or showed adverse changes in blood chemistries. We did observe a significant reduction in LDL-C (12%) accompanying DAV supplementation and both groups significantly reduced percent body fat (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that DAV may have ergogenic effects in men participating solely in resistance training.
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of free-range raising system on production results and carcass and meat quality of broiler chickens aged 42 days, using fast growing Ross 308 line. Day-old chicks were randomly assigned to two groups, 120 birds in each. Group I throughout rearing remained indoors on deep litter while Group II was kept at free range. Production results,carcass quality, physico-chemical traits of breast and leg muscles (pH15min and pH24h, L*a*b* colour space, water-holding capacity, drip loss, thermal loss, and shear force) were determined. Housing system affected the rearing performance of birds. Higher body weight and lower mortality were characteristic of Group I. Rearing system had no effect on dressing percentage, carcass colour and carcass quality. The majority of physico-chemical parameters of breast and leg muscles were similar in both groups.
This contribution is about improving efficiency of the production processes using the SIPOC method in process maps. Practical use of this method in improving process performance is shown by presenting a specific example of the manufacturing process of photovoltaic panels.
The paper examines the impact of trust in an agricultural marketing cooperative. The aim is to explore how the trust among members and between members and management affect the commitment of members towards the cooperative (group cohesion) and their satisfaction with the cooperative. Trust is examined from two dimensions: cognitive and affective. Our results have clearly proved that trust has a positive impact on group cohesion and satisfaction. According to the experiences, however, the impact of examined dimensions of trust is differentiated: the statistical models regarded the impact of affective dimensions on group cohesion and members’ satisfaction more important than the impact of cognitive dimension.
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The objective of this study was to determine whether silica grit is a necessary dietary additive for turkeys raised in intensive production farms, and whether it can be replaced by other supplements such as charcoal or hardwood ash. The conclusions were formulated based on performance results, blood hematological and biochemical indices, the slaughter quality of turkeys, as well as on the chemical and physicochemical properties of turkey meat. The experimental material comprised 360 male Big 6 heavy-type turkeys randomly divided into 4 treatments and raised on litter until 20 weeks of age. Birds of all treatments were fed identical complete pelleted basal diets. The experimental factor were various feed supplements in each group. The control treatment was fed a diet without supplements. The diets for experimental groups were supplemented with silica grit (SG), charcoal (CH) or hardwood ash (HA) in the amount of 0.3% of the administered feed mix. Dietary supplements were administered from the first day of life until the end of the rearing period. No significant changes in blood hematological and biochemical indices of turkeys were observed. Silica grit (SG) had an adverse effect on the performance results of turkeys, while the addition of both CH and HA had a highly beneficial impact. The best results were reported in respect of charcoal. The treatment fed a diet supplemented with CH was characterized by the lowest mortality rate of 4.4%, i.e. half that observed in the control group, body weight higher by 3.9% and rearing efficiency index higher by 9.7%.
The study was conducted on 640 chickens randomly divided into two groups, each having four replications (4 control and 4 experimental - L-carnitine) with 80 chickens per pen. Chickens in the control (C) and experimental groups (E) received a feed of the same nutritional value, and chickens from the experimental group were supplemented with Aminocarnifarm (43.68% of L-carnitine) in drinking water (62.5 g per 100 l) during three periods: from 1 to 7, 21 to 28, and 36 to 42 days of age. The study evaluated the effect of L-carnitine supplemented to chickens on production results and results of slaughter analysis. It was found that Aminocarnifarm supplemented to drinking water improved feed conversion during the whole rearing period, reduced mortality, and contributed to increases in average body weight, dressing percentage and proportion of leg muscles (males), reduced the proportion of breast muscles (males and females), and decreased carcass fatness (males).
In contemporary sport the results of objective studies make the ground for effective training and are the proper way to success. Since the study results have been appearing of the women’s play, concerning analysis of the structure and effectiveness of the match activities, there is a need for comparisons between the female and male play. The material for the study comprised all 15 matches played in the 6th Women European Championship, England 2005, and 27 matches played during the men world championship, Korea and Japan 2002. The study method was the systematic external and categorized observation conducted with the help of own study tool - the observation forms. Statistical analysis of the study results was done using the Statistica software. The assessment was used of the differences between the mean values of the passes and shots accuracy coefficients, and of their technical elements. In the analysis, the diversification has been found regarding the structure of game at the main technical elements like passes and shots, between the female and male teams. Significant diversifications concerned the passes accuracy in association with most of the analysed technical elements.
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