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Soil respiration is a very important factor influencing carbon deposition in peat and reflecting the intensity of soil organic matter decomposition, root respiration, and the ease of transporting gases to the surface. Carbon dioxide release from three different peat soil profiles (0-80 cm) of the Polesie Lubelskie Region (Eastern Poland) was analyzed under laboratory conditions. Peat samples were incubated at 5, 10, and 20°C in aerobic and anaerobic environments, and their CO2-evolution was analyzed up to 14 days. The respiration activity was found to be in the range of 0.013-0.497 g CO2 kg-1 DW d-1. The respiratory quotient was estimated to be in the range of 0.51-1.51, and the difference in respiration rates over 10°C ranged between 4.15 and 8.72 in aerobic and from 1.15 to 6.53 in anaerobic conditions. A strong influence of temperature, depth, the degree of peat decomposition, pH, and nitrate content on respiration activity was found. Lack of oxygen at low temperature caused higher respiration activity than under aerobic conditions. These results should be taken into account when the management of Polish peatlands is considered in the context of climate and carbon storage, and physicochemical properties of soil in relation to soil respiration activity are considered.
The potential of methanotrophic activity (MTA) has been investigated under labo-ratory conditions in three types of peatland profiles: high (H), transition (T) and low (L) originating from Polesie Lubelskie Region. Selected peat samples differed in respect of pH, TOC, von Post index and moisture. The experiment was conducted at natural moisture (198-719 %w/w) with dif-ferent ranges of both, temperature (5, 10 and 20°C) and CH4 enrichment (1 and 5%v/v). The highest MTA (19.69-155.79 mg CH4kg D.W.-1 d-1) was observed at 20°C. Regardless of temperature, MTA was lower (1.38-51.16 mg CH4 kg D.W.-1 d-1) when peat samples were incubated in atmosphere enriched in 1% than in 5% CH4 v/v (4.75-191.26 mg CH4kg D.W.-1 d-1). Strong influence of tem-perature and sampling sites on MTA was also noted. Total DNA was isolated from the most active (20°C, 5% CH4 v/v) peat samples from each site and the PCR (polimerase chain reaction) amplify-ing of genes pmoA (primers A189f/mb661r) and sequence 16S rRNA (primers Type If /Type Ir and Type IIf/Type IIr) specific for methanotrophic bacteria were carried out. Positive results of PCR with primers of pmoA gene after sequencing confirmed that methanotrophs from L point belong to family Methylococcaceae, while 16S rRNA gene sequences from microorganisms inhabiting H peat demonstrated the highest similarity to genus Methylocystis and Methylosinus.
The performed studies dealt with of problem of peatland surface subsidence on the Wizna study area with a functioning prototype of an amelioration system consisting of collective ditches spaced at an interval of 500 m and a low-slope (i= 0.5 %о) drainage-irrigation network. The studies involved well irrigated wet (A) and semi-dry (C) potential soil-moisture complexes. The obtained results refer to the peatland close to the drains i.e. the area, which was deformed, artificially lowered and compacted due to melioration measures. Parts of the studied plots were used as highly productive meadows. Except for the modernization of the melioration system (replacing ditches with drains) and post-melioration management of complete cultivation (on plot B-16 this management was performed twice), systematic intensive measures using of heavy equipment were carried out on these areas. The studies showed that on a peatland meliorated between 1963 and 1964 the surface still slowly subsided. In the period 1975-1995, the peatland surface declined on average by 0.3 cm ∙y-1 on a wet complex (A) and twice that, i. e. by 0.6 cm∙ y-1 on a semi-dry complex (C).
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Roslinnosc lesna Doliny Biebrzanskiej

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The main aim of the paper was to study the effect of coagulation of copper ions on dissolved form of humic acids. Research material was isolated from four peaty muck soils (Terric Histosols). The soils were described by means of the Springer humification number, secondary transformation index, ash content and pH in H2O and in KCl. For the studied humic acids, surface charge was determined, E4/E6 which described the degree of concentration of the chain of aromatic carbons of the humic acids and could be used as their humification number, and the elemental composition and atomic ratios were determined as well. Systems composed of humic acids and increasing concentrations of copper ions were investigated at pH 5 and in the copper concentration range of 0-40 mg dm-3, at constant concentration of humic acids. Coagulation of solutions was studied by measurement of changes of organic carbon and copper ions concentration in liquid phase at pH 5 as well as by observation of absorbance changes at wavelength 465 nm in series of prepared solutions. The results showed that coagulation of experimental systems consisted mainly in humic acid coagulation. In a certain range of concentration of copper added to solutions, metal also partly precipitated and went to the solid phase together with humic carbon, which indicated coagulation of complexed compound of humic acids with copper. At high copper concentration, ionic strength had a dominant influence on coagulation of humic acids. Copper ions stayed all in liquid phase, whereas almost total organic carbon passed to precipitate, which resulted from interactions with electrolyte ions.
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