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The study was carried out on 10 male rabbits, New Zealand pure-bred, 3.5 months old, and weighing 2,000-2,200 g. The animals were divided into two equal groups: group 1 - subjected to short term lateral electrical surface stimulation (ST-LESS) for 2 h daily during 3 months, group 2 - control group without LESS stimulation but with other experimental parameters as in animals of the group 1 (SCOL-2 apparatus and preparation the skin to electrostimulation). Stimulation was performed with a Polish stimulator - SCOL-2, and clinical, macroscopic, and microscopic observations were performed. Similar growth of body mass was observed in the rabbits from both groups during the first two months of the experiment. In month 3 a slightly smaller increase in weight gain was observed in the animals from group 1 than in those from group 2. No morphological lesions were observed in a macroscopic examination. A statistically significant increase in the mean mass of the adrenal glands (0.4253 g +0.0033) of the stimulated rabbits in comparison to those from the group 2 (0.2981 g ±0.0087) was noted. A microscopic examination revealed hypertrophy of zona fascicularis with visible overgrowth of glandular cells in the rabbits from group 1. The results of clinical observations as well as morphological lesions indicate the presence of adaptive stress in rabbits stimulated with ST-LESS.
A dog (male, dachshund, aged 16.5 years) was euthanised due to hypoglycaemia, which had lasted for about eight years. Macroscopic examinations revealed bilateral tumours of the following sizes 7 cm x 5 cm x 4 cm (right) and 6 cm x 5 cm x 3.5 cm (left) in the sublumbar area. The presence of these tumours was found with an ultrasound examination performed on the dog at the age of 8 years. At that time, the tumours were only half the size. Histopathologically, the tumours were classified as phaeochromocytoma. The morphology of the liver, extensive necrotic foci and hyperplasia of connective tissue in particular, contributed to the dog's hypoglycaemia. The lesions could have developed as a result of damage to acinar cells of the pancreas and became advanced due to long-term glycocorticotherapy. In turn, originally, hypoglycaemia might have developed in the dog as a result of adrenal medulla failure induced by phaeochromocytoma.
Twelve biochemical values of the serum (concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, glucose, urea nitrogen, creatinine, total protein, and enzyme activities of ALP, CPK, AspAT, A1AT, amylase) were determined for 102 bison Bison bonasus (Linnaeus, 1758) coming from the free-ranging population of the Białowieża Forest and from the breeding enclosure. The animals were culled in the winter periods of 2000/2001 and 2002/2003. In adult males only the activity of A1AT is significantly higher than in adult females. The remaining values do not differ significantly between the sexes in any of the three age groups (I - calves, II - youngsters, III - adults). Also, no significant differences in serum parameters were observed between healthy males and the ones exhibiting symptoms of posthitis/balanoposthitis. It was established that the following changes in the values of serum parameters are age-dependent: a decrease in potassium and glucose concentrations and the enzymatic activity of ALP, and an increase in AspAT activity. The results were compared to the corresponding data from the research carried out 20 years earlier (1980-1984) and it has been discovered that the values of seven parameters are significantly different as opposed to the previous results. The following differences were established: currently the concentrations of potassium and urea nitrogen are higher in all age groups; the concentration of glucose is higher in the groups of calves and youngsters; creatinine concentration is lower in adults; the activity of AspAT has increased in youngsters, only; the activity of A1AT has increased, and of amylase has decreased in all animals examined. The changes in the values of serum parameters were analysed in the context of data obtained from post-mortem examinations and we conclude that those changes reflect the growing number of patho- morphological changes in internal organs of the bison dissected. Changes localised mainly in the liver and lungs could be related to parasitical infestations; others were noted in kidneys and in the prepuce and penis area in the males with posthitis/balanoposthitis symptoms. In the discussion it is suggested that the deterioration of the physical condition of European bison inhabiting the Białowieża Forest may be connected to such environmental and populational factors as: winter supplementary feeding, winter aggregations, and a decline in immunity related to inbreeding.
The purpose of the study was a pathomorphological and immunohistochemical analysis of tumour cells and connective tissue in equine sarcoids. Investigations were performed using histopathological, ultrastructural, immunohistochemical (PCNA, p53, cytokeratin, vimentin) and histochemical (Ag- NORs) methods. The study was conducted on 50 sarcoids originating from 36 horses and classified as occult, verrucous, fibroblastic and a mixed type of sarcoid based on their clinical appearance. Most of the tumours were located on the girth (30%), neck (24%), head (12%), and legs (12%). The average age of the horses at the first clinical examination was 5.7 years. The sarcoids occurred on the skin of mares (61%), geldings (31%) and stallions (8%), the predominant was Wielkopolska breed (41%) and mixed breeds with Wielkopolska breed (41%). The predominant colour was bay (80%). The data showed that the presence of characteristic, microscopic features was variable but it was not consistent enough to allow differentiation of the clinical types based on histopathology. PCNA expression was not characteristic for the clinical type of sarcoid but it appeared to be a useful tool for the determination of the biological activity of the tumour and the probability of its recurrence. No relationship was found between AgNORs and cell proliferation. The study demonstrated the presence of p53 positive cells in the epidermal and fibroblastic portions. Numerous p53-positive cells were observed in the sarcoids and tended to recurrence. The staining for cytokeratin and vimentin makes the diagnosis of tumour easier. The immunohistochemical studies of PCNA, and p53 are of great significance to the prognosis.
Microscopic analyses investigated specimens of internal organs and muscles of 20 BUT-9 turkeys fed for 16 weeks with mixtures supplemented with fat of varying peroxide values: as high as 5, 50 100 and 150 mEq O2/kg. During the 4-week experiment period 2, 3, 4 and 5% fat (rapeseed oil and poultry fat at a proportion of 66:34 oxidized under controlled conditions) was added respectively to the feed. Supplementing the oxidized fat at PV 5 mEq O2/kg did not cause any morphological lesions in the internal organs of the turkey hens. However, an increase of up to 50 mEq O2/kg in the fat peroxide value of their diet resulted in retrogressive changes and disturbances in the blood supply to the liver and cross striated muscles. Fat at PV 100 mEq O2/kg resulted in a slight intensification of the above-mentioned changes mainly in these organs, however, fat oxidation of 150 mEq O2/kg led to a visible increase in the type and intensity of lesions as well as the areas in which they occurred (kidneys and alimentary tract). The observed morphological defects were lesions of a damaging and adaptive profile.
Celem pracy było określenie wpływu żywienia młodych świń mieszankami paszowymi i udziałem koncentratów bobikowo-tłuszczowych na stan zdrowia i patomorfologię narządów wewnętrznych. Badania przeprowadzono na prosiętach ssących i odsadzonych w wieku 6 tyg. U prosiąt wykonano badania kliniczne, hematologiczne i biochemiczne, uwzględniając: Ht, Hb, Erys, Lkcs, A1AT, AP, amylazy, izoenzymy LDH oraz poziom cholesterolu. Nie stwierdzono różnic między grupami w zakresie wskaźników hematologicznych. Aktywność ALAT, AP i frakcji LDH-5 były podwyższone co świadczy o zwiększonej przepuszczalności błon komórkowych i nasileniu procesów metabolicznych w komórkach wątrobowych. Poubojowo wykonano badania makroskopowe, histopatologiczne - (przewodu pokarmowego, wątroby, trzustki, nerek i mięśnia najdłuższego lędźwi), histochemiczne (oznaczanie aktywności SDH,LDH, fosfatazy kwaśnej i zasadowej) oraz ultrastrukturalne. W komórkach wątrobowych i włóknach mięśniowych stwierdzono zaburzenia aktywności dehydrogenazy bursztynianowej, mleczanowej, fosfatazy kwaśnej oraz uszkodzenie mitochondriów i namnażanie się siateczki endoplazmatycznej szorstkiej. Uzyskane wyniki pozwaląją stwierdzić, że stosowane żywienie powoduje nieznaczny wzrost aktywności enzymatycznej oraz niewielkie uszkodzenie narządów wewnętrznych, nie wywierając jednakże istotnego wpływu na stan zdrowia prosiąt.
Badanie patomorfologiczne wątroby i mięśni piersiowych przeprowadzono na 120 indykach, podzielonych na 6 równych grup w zależności od typu mieszańca towarowego, tj. w typie ciężkim: HLW-1, HLW-2 i BIG-6 oraz w typie średniociężkim WAMA-3, WAMA-Ex i BUT-8 J (z równą ilością samic i samców). W wątrobach indyków stwierdzono zwyrodnienie miąższowe, wodniczkowe i tłuszczowe komórek wątrobowych, rozplem przewodów żółciowych, nacieki komórek heterofilnych oraz j ogniska martwicy skrzepowej komórek wątrobowych. Największe uszkodzenie wątroby wystąpiło u mieszańców BUT-8, WAMA-Ex i BIG-6, u indorów zmiany były bardziej nasilone niż u indyczek. U pozostałych mieszańców uszkodzenie morfologiczne wątrób bylo niewielkie. W mięśniach piersiowych indyków stwierdzono odcinki włókien bez poprzecznego prążko­wania z obecnością superskurczów, rozpad ziarnisty, grudkowy lub odcinkowy sarkoplazmy, nacieki komórek fagocytarnych, rozplem jąder komórkowych włókien mięśniowych oraz występowanie mikrozakrzepów w naczyniach włosowatych. Musculus pectoralis major byl w większym stopniu uszkodzony niż musculus pectoralis ninor. Zmiany morfologiczne w mięśniach wystąpiły w większym nasileniu u indyków typu ciężkiego (HLW-1, HLW-2 i BIG-6). U indorów uszkodzenia mięśni byly silniejsze niż u indyczek.
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