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This paper presents the relationship between mining municipalities and coal mines, as well as the basis for the functioning of these communities and mines over the last two decades. Post an analysis of the legislation, studies and the available literature the relationship that characterizes relations of mining communities and hard coal mines was presented. The author revealed on one hand, the benefits obtained on this account by mining municipalities, on the other hand, the problems that they face in relationships with entrepreneurs. One of the positive aspects is undoubtedly the role of mining companies as employers, who are, in a sense, educational policy makers, and as patrons of many social initiatives. Coal companies are also a stable source of taxes that come into the municipal budgets. Coal mining is also the mining damage, polluted environment and transformation of the landscape. These problems, of course, do not cover the full spectrum of problems, as they indicate only the most important ones of them. Relations of each municipality with a mine are different in details, but it is possible to find common elements, which have been shown divided into positive and negative aspects. This industry branch would be disastrous for mining communities, as evidenced by the situation in the municipalities where the coal mines were closed down. Therefore, it is necessary to work out agreement paths between the entities for which coexistence is necessary not only for the development of municipalities and mines, but especially for the residents.
Supporting entrepreneurs outside the country is one of the tasks of at least two ministries – the Ministry of Economy and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Some of the tasks are performed by various institutions, which in their properties are designed to promote Polish export. Proposed by them forms of cooperation with enterprises – from financial support through promotion, and ending with the conclusion of international agreements, are to create a range of tools which enable the Company to have a chance to gain new markets for its products, and thereby increase their income and influence positively on the wealth of the whole society. The article assesses the activities of two ministries – the Ministry of Economy and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, their impact on facilitating the internationalization of enterprises. Standardized interviews were conducted. Callers were employees of selected companies of the dairy industry who are directly involved in exports in the company. The interview questionnaire was conducted with representatives of 15 companies from the tested industry. There was no direct effects of the impact on export results of conducting actions under Polish development assistance. The surveyed entrepreneurs have not met with any situation in which a partner from the target indicated in any way that he knows this business and it influenced his willingness to cooperate with the Polish company.
Contemporarily, agriculture is facing many challenges connected with growing food demand and scarcity of natural resources. In meeting these challenges innovation has become of crucial importance. The paper aims at providing an insight on the topic of the needs and possibilities of open innovation and its significance for the transition towards sustainable and more productive agriculture of EU. We argue that given the complexity of innovation process there emerges the need for effective interactions between all actors of agriculture sector. We conclude that new instrument of EU policy: European Innovation Partnership, which promotes open innovation approach should facilitate emergence of networks of collaboration in agriculture. Such an approach will stimulate innovation processes and will help to give better responses to contemporary challenges faced by agriculture.
Subject and purpose of work: The subject of the analysis is the concept of rural development in the European Union countries and its connection with the evolution of the common agricultural policy and the transformation of the cohesion policy. The aim of the study is to discover and assess the scale and method of supporting the rural development in the European Union countries through common agricultural policy and to present the underlying theoretical-cognitive and political-practical premises for shaping rural development strategies. Materials and methods: The official documents and subject literature are submitted for critical analysis and evaluation by authors. Results: This paper presents methods of defining and classifying rural areas and rural development through common agricultural policy and cohesion policy. It specifically outlines the concepts of multifunctional and intelligent development linked to the Europe 2020 strategy and the Cork political declarations. The new concept of smart villages and rural-urban partnership is also presented. Conclusion: The processes of rural policy separation and the need for creating national methods of the coordination of community policies and the use of European funds are indicated.
Article’s goal: the main research goal of this article was identification and analysis of the real market role played by Polish final buyers and their expectations in this regard. Research approach: to achieve the main goal, the author used the analysis of findings of primary surveys conducted by the questionnaire method. Basic research findings: based on the findings of primary surveys, the author drew the conclusion of very limited real market role of respondents treated by offerers like tolerated customers or in a worse way. At the same time, respondents’ expectations related to their market role were bigger. The visible marketing gap exists which makes it impossible to build the marketing partnership between final buyers and offerers. Practical implications: results of the analysis of the real market role of customers and their expectations in this scope should direct offerers’ marketing activities what is the key factor of implementation of the assumptions of the holistic marketing orientation. Social implications: the knowledge about the existing mentioned gap makes it possible for offerers to manage efficiently and effectively the relations with final buyers as well as to shape properly and use their marketing potential in the favourable way for both sides.
Article’s goal: to identify and carry out a comparative analysis of the changes that occurred in opinions and attitudes of Polish final customers towards unfair activities addressed to them by food producers in the years 2010-2012. Those activities were divided into 3 groups: related to the product, its packaging and advertising. Research approach: striving to achieve the main goal, the author used the analysis of findings of primary surveys, inclusive of the comparative analysis considering the time factor. Basic research findings: based on the findings of primary surveys the author drew the conclusion of a definite growth of the respondents’ radical attitudes in case of product-related activities, what indicates an increase in their sensitivity to such stimuli. At the same time, there took place an apparent growth in the respondents’ tolerance towards controversial activities related to packaging many of which were not any longer considered by a significant part of people as non-ethical, though still more than half of respondents coined most of those activities as unethical. Practical implications: results of the analysis of the changes taking place in the final customers’ opinions and attitudes should direct producers’ activities what is indispensable for implementation of the assumptions of the modern marketing orientation. Social implications: the emphasised in the article divergence between the postulated in the subject literature partner-like approach to customers and the actual behaviour demonstrated by manufacturers, which is aggravated by their non-ethical actions, precludes joint achievement of aims, as it is not then possible to establish a marketing commonwealth of market partners comprising the offerer and customers.
Article deals with the problem of rural development from the perspective of service provision with an emphasis on core/basic services. It identifies roles of sectors in service delivery and conceptualizes devolution of responsibilities between them. Based on identifi ed roles and responsibilties, article presents different forms of partnerships between sectors. Discussion leads to construction of typology table for services according to activity type, consumer contact, service market, profit orientation of a partner, service urgency and contract arrangements. The use of the table is demonstrated by practical examples of selected services.
One of the fundamental principles of quality management is building mutual supplier-customer relations. Many organizations found in practice that effectively meeting customer needs could be achieved by creating partnerships with several reputable and capable suppliers. Partnering with suppliers should become an essential tool in the structure of supply relationships, which are essential for success of business. The aim of this contribution is to show the importance of partnership.
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