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Helminth parasites of anurans from five locations in the savannah-mosaic and one in the transitional vegetation zone of Edo State of Nigeria were investigated. Amphibian hosts examined included Bufo regularis, B. maculatus, Dicroglossus occipitalis, Ptychadena oxyrhynchus, P. mascareniensis, P. pumilio, P. schubotzi, Xenopus muelleri, Silurana tropicalis, Rana galamensis and Leptopelis viridis. Some of the parasites infecting amphibians in the rainforest and the mangrove such as Cephalochlamys namaquensis, Mesocoelium monodi, Haematoloechus exoterorchis, Diplodiscus fischthalicus, Prosotocus exovitellosus, Ganeo africana, Rhabdias bufonis, Cosmocerca ornata, Camallanus dimitrovi, Amplicaecum africanum and Batrachocamallanus xenopodis also infected anurans of the savannah-mosaic. Others including Baerietta sp., Polystoma prudhoei, P. galamensis, Polystoma sp., Pleurogenoides tener, Haematoloechus micrurus, Ophidiscus sp., Foleyellides sp., Abbreviata sp. (larva), and larval ascaridoids were only recorded in the anurans of the savannah-mosaic zone. Since the polystomes were not recorded in the humid environment of the rainforest and the mangrove, we presume that these are preferentially parasites of anurans residing in drier environments such as prevail in the savannah. Polystoma prudhoei which was originally described from P. oxyrhynchus was recorded in B. regularis in this investigation. This represents a new host record for this parasite. The larval ascaridoid found in a number of the anuran hosts and the larvae of Abbreviata sp. found in D. occipitalis are most probably parasites of snakes and other reptiles that use amphibians as transport hosts.
To determine the helminth fauna of wild boars, 160 stomachs and intestines, 72 lungs and 58 livers of animals from eight areas in Corsica, have been examined. It is the first study made in this Mediterranean island. The evaluation of the helminthic composition revealed six following species: Dicrocoelium dendriticum (Rudolphi, 1819), larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus (Goeze, 1782), Ascaris suum (Goeze, 1782), Metastrongylus sp., Globocephalus urosubulatus (Alessandrini, 1909), Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (Pallas, 1781). Differences among prevalence data indicated an overdispersed helminth distribution in Corsica.
A total of 38 Coryphaenoides mediterraneus from the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone (CGFZ), a part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR), was studied for parasites and feeding ecology. Sixteen different parasite species were found, most of them belonging to the Digenea (6 species) and Nematoda (6). Twelve new host and 11 new locality records were established, and 8 deep-sea generalists and 5 deep-sea specialists were found. Twelve adult and 3 larval parasites occurred, with Allopodocotyle margolisi (Digenea), Tetraphyllidea indet. (Scolex pleuronectis, Cestoda) and Ascarophis longiovata (Nematoda) being the predominant species. These parasites reached a prevalence of 50.0%, 86.8% and 68.4% with an intensity of infection of 1–10, 1–91 and 1–74, respectively. The food consisted of crustaceans and cephalopods; no further prey items such as fish could be identified. Coryphaenoides mediterraneus demonstrates a parasite fauna similar to that of other deep-sea macrourids. No MAR-specific parasite species were found, and the collected helminths are common fish parasites of the North Atlantic deep-sea basin and the adjacent continental shelf regions. Only few larval epipelagic generalists such as ascaridoid nematodes were found, due to the deep origin of the studied fish between 1700–3500 m. The recorded species rich parasite fauna reflects the wide depth range and opportunistic feeding behaviour of C. mediterraneus on benthopelagic food. The recorded parasite species composition around the MAR appears to be similar to other deep-sea locations in the Atlantic Ocean, demonstrating the wide zoogeographical distribution of these deep-sea metazoans. Consequences of the MAR, the CGFZ and the homogeneous deep-sea environmental conditions for the parasite species distribution are discussed.
A total of 2398 fish specimens (1091 Percidae and 1307 Cyprinidae) belonging to 16 species (3 Percidae and 13 Cyprinidae), caught in the Polish part of the Vistula Lagoon were examined within December 1994-March 1997. The parasites found were identified as belonging to 63 taxa (61 species as well as Diplostomum spp. flukes and glochidia Unionidae gen. sp. which could not be identified to species) of the Microsporea (1), Protozoa (1), Myxozoa (2), Monogenea (10), Digenea (15), Cestoda (11), Nematoda (11), Acanthocephala (5), Hirudinea (1), Mollusca (1), Copepoda (4), and Branchiura (1). The percids and cyprinids were found to support 37 and 40 parasitic taxa, respectively, the taxon-richest parasite fauna occurring in zander, Sander lucioperca (26 taxa), followed by carp bream, Abramis brama, (24), European perch, Perca fluviatilis (24), roach, Rutilus rutilus (19), ruffe, Gymnocelphlus cernuus (15), and Prussian carp, Carassius gibelio (11). The remaining fish species hosted less than 10 parasitic species each. Metacercariae of the genus Diplostomum, found in about 37% of the fish examined, and Tylodelphys clavata, recorded in about 24% of the fish, proved the commonest parasites. The study showed the Vistula Lagoon cyprinid and percid parasite fauna to be dominated by freshwater species, frequencies of their occurrence in the brackishwater lagoon being lower than those in freshwater reservoirs. Frequencies of the 6 marine parasitic species found in the lagoon were, too, lower than those in the sea. It is suggested that some of the parasites (Ancyrocephalus paradoxus, Diplozoon paradoxum of the Monogenea, Diplostomum spp., Tylodelphys clavata of the Digenea, and Achtheres percarum of the Copepoda) prefer brackishwater habitats.
The great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis (Blumenbach, 1798) is one of the most important birds in the Vistula Lagoon and the Gulf of Gdańsk area. As a typical piscivore the bird plays a significant part in life cycles of parasites in aquatic ecosystems. Within January 2000-June 2001, a complete helminthological examination was performed on great cormorants collected in the nesting area at Kąty Rybackie on the Vistula Spit (80 specimens) and in the Vistula Lagoon (10 specimens). The infection prevalence mean intensity, and intensity range were 92.2%, 376.5, and 1-4524, respectively. The presence of 9 digenean species (Paryphostomum radiatum (Dujardin, 1845), Petasiger exaeretits Dietz, 1909, P. phalacroracis (Yamaguti, 1939), Mesorchis pseudoechinatus (Olsson, 1876), Metorchis xanthosomus (Creplin, 1846), Cryptocotyle concavum (Creplin, 1825), Hysteromorpha triloba (Rudolphi, 1819), Tylodelphys clavata (Nordmann, 1832), and Holostephanus dubinini Vojtek et Vojtkova, 1968) was recorded, P. phalacrocoracis being the most common parasile (prevalence 92.2%, mean intensity 323.8). Tylodelphys clavata proved a parasite new for the great cormorant moreover the records of P. phalacrocoracis, H. triloba, and H. dubinini are the first in Poland, while C. concavinn and M. pseudoechinatus were for the first time recorded in the great cormorant in Poland.
The parasitic fauna composition of the spring-spawning (SPR) and the summer-spawning (SSS) stocks of the shortfin squid Illex argentinus was studied in San Matías Gulf, Southwest Atlantic. Seven parasite taxa were identified: 3 cestodes (Scolex polymorphic, Scolex pleuronectis and Nybelinia lingualis), and 4 nematodes (Anisakis sp., Hysterothylacium sp., Ascarophis? sp. and Pseudoterranova? sp.). Based on the prevalence (P) and mean intensity (MI) S. polymorphic [cf. Prosobothrium sp.], S. pleuronectis (Onchobothriidae) and Anisakis were the main parasites of both stocks. P and MI of these parasites were higher in SPR than in SSS. Composition, P and MI of the enteric parasitic fauna found in the subpopulations of I. argentinus in the San Matías Gulf were different from those previously reported for the other stocks of the species that occur on the Argentine continental shelf. These results provide a substantial additional evidence for statement that the SPR and SSS stocks of I. argentinus from San Matías Gulf are biotopically isolated from the stocks that inhabit neighbouring areas of the Argentine continental shelf.
Data are presented on the parasite fauna of the European eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.) in three coastal lagoons of the Ebro delta (NE Spain). Ten parasite species were found, four protozoans: Eimeria anguillae, Trichodinapediculus, Myxidium giardi and Myxobolus sp.; five helminths: Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae, Deropristis inflata, Bothriocephalus claviceps, Proteocephalus macrocephalus, Anguillicola crassus and one crustacean: Ergasilus gibbus. The highest prevalences were reported for P. anguillae 84.6%, M. giardi 44.4% and A. crassus 30.8%. Helminth communities were dominated by monogenean P. anguillae. These communities were compared with those from other European coastal lagoons.
Studies were conducted in north-east Poland during the period from October 1987 to February 1993 - 570 cervids were studied (roe-deer, red deer, sika deer, fallow deer and moose). Thirteen species of ectoparasites were noted, the most frequent included Damalinia meyeri, Lipoptena cervi, Dermacentor reticulatus, Ixodes ricinus, and Chorioptes texanus, found only for the second time in Poland. The moderate number of arthropods noted included Solenopotes capreoli, S. burmeisteri and also Demodex kutzeri. The greatest infestation in the majority of hosts was noted on the bulls, that on females and young being lower but similar.
An examination of 16 bank voles from Poland (Pomerania) revealed the presence of two species of the family Demodecidae (Acari, Prostigmata), specific to the host. Demodex buccalis Bukva, Vitovec et Vlcek, 1985 was noted only in one bank vole, where 18 specimens were found: the prevalence of infestation being 6.3%. D. glareoli Hirst, 1919 was observed in 75% of the examined bank voles, in which were on average 5.1 specimens. Additionally, mites of the both species exhibited topical specificity – representatives of D. buccalis were found in the tissues of the tongue and oral cavity of the host, while D. glareoli, being a species associated with hair follicles, was noted in skin specimens from different body areas, particularly the head area. Infestations with demodecids were not accompanied by disease symptoms. D. buccalis and D. glareoli are a new species for the fauna of Poland.
Juvenile golden grey mullet, Liza aurata were collected from Sarıkum Lagoon Lake which connected to the Black Sea at Sinop, Turkey and examined for parasitic fauna. A total of 219 fish were investigated throughout a 1-year period. Parasite species recovered were Trichodina lepsii, T. puytoraci, Gyrodactylus sp., Ligophorus cephali, Ligophorus mediterraneus, Solostamenides mugilis, Ascocotyle sp. (metacercaria) and Ergasilus lizae. Overall infection prevalence (%) and mean intensity values were 95.9% and 412.65 ± 85.31 parasites per infected fish, respectively. Infection prevalence and mean intensity values for each parasite species in relation to season and fish size were also determined and discussed. While Ligophorus cephali and L. mediterraneus are new records for Turkish parasite fauna, the juvenile Liza aurata is a new host record for Ligophorus cephali and L. mediterraneus.
Sixty-one specimens of the piranha Serrasalmus marginatus Valenciennes, 1837 were analyzed, aiming at assessing the community structure of their gill parasites. The samples were collected in lagoons of the Paraná, Ivinheima and Baia Subsystems within the Upper Paraná River Floodplain (Brazil). Host size and sex had little or no influence on the abundance and prevalence of parasites. The organization of the gill parasite infracommunities of S. marginatus was significantly non-random according to null models and ordination analyses. In general, parasite infrapopulations were not affected by interspecific associations or host characteristics (e.g. size, sex), what highlights the importance of local habitat characteristics to community organization of gill parasites of S. marginatus in the Upper Paraná River Floodplain.
During the last century the recorded parasite fauna of Bison bonasus includes 88 species. These are 22 species of protozoa, 4 trematode species, 4 cestode species, 43 nematode species, 7 mites, 4 Ixodidae ticks, 1 Mallophaga species, 1 Anoplura, and 2 Hippoboscidae flies. There are few monoxenous parasites, the majority of parasites are typical for other Bovidae and Cervidae species and many are newly acquired from Cervidae. This is an evident increased trend in the parasite species richness, in both the prevalence and intensity of infections, which is associated with the bison population size, host status (captive breeding or free-ranging) and the possibility of contact with other ruminant species. In light of the changes to parasite species richness during the last decades, special emphasis shall be given to new parasite species reported in European bison, their pathogenicity and potential implications for conservation.
During our investigations on the parasitofauna of birds from Lower Silesia, the trematode Leyogonimus postgonoporus was encountered twice: from Turdus merula and Scolopax rusticola. The morphological details and measurements of this rare trematode are described and compared with the literature data. L. postgonoporus is a new species for the parasitofauna of Poland and Scolopax rusticola appears to be a new definitive host species for this trematode.
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