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The aim of this paper is to present the concept of sustainable consumption, its aspects, awareness and implications for choices concerning food products. Particular attention was paid to consumer choices based on the perception of foodstuff packaging and the perception of the importance of labelling information. Empirical studies have shown that Polish consumers are increasingly more aware of the need for action on sustainable consumption, although it is not always reflected in tangible activities in this area. Still for the majority of Poles it is synonymous with ecoconsumption, and engaging consumers in the concepts of sustainability is manifested e.g. in waste sorting, waste reduction, selection of organic, local products, in ecologigal packaging, for which they are ready to pay higher prices or search for information on sustainable products. Unfortunately, at present the scale of these activities and attitudes is still limited, thus the primary objective of the environmental, social and economic policies is to provide systematic and intensive consumer education and promote sustainable development.
Activities of environmental organisations, higher level of inhabitants' awareness, increasing legal requirements and last but not least the development of knowledge concerning impacts of many products on the environment have led to the creation of various methods of environmental hazards evaluation. An example of such successfully industrially implemented method that is aimed at reducing the negative impact on the environment, is the LCA (Life Cycle Assessment).
A study was undertaken to examine the effect of oxygen absorbers (by Atco) used in the packaging of white cheeses on their shelf life. White cheeses packed in bags made of PA/PE laminate with and without oxygen absorbents were stored at a temperature of 5±0.5oC for a period of 7, 14 and 21 days. In the time spans mentioned, the white cheeses were determined for: the number of yeast, mould, and coli group bacteria, and for titratable acidity. Oxygen content of white cheese package atmosphere was assayed as well. The application of oxygen absorbers resulted in inhibited growth of yeast and moulds, and after two weeks also the growth of coli group bacteria. The presence of oxygen absorbers was observed not to affect any increase in the titratable acidity of stored white cheeses. The oxygen absorbers were proved effective in the modification of package atmosphere, i.e. they decreased oxygen concentration in the package atmosphere below 0.5%.
A comparison between cardboard and plastic boxes for apple packaging in the wholesale and retail trade has been drawn using the SimaPro programme for life cycle analysis. The environmental impact of using plastic cases was estimated much lower, mainly thanks to their repeated use.
The study assessed the effect of modified atmosphere packaging with varied contents of oxygen and carbon dioxide on sensory and microbiological quality, physicochemical properties and physiological activity of minimally processed spinach. The following variants of modified atmosphere composition were applied: (% O2/% CO2/% N2) 10/10/80; 20/5/75; 20/25/55, as well as air atmosphere. On the basis of experiments it was found that modified atmosphere packaging of spinach made it possible to obtain a product maintaining good sensory quality for 6 days. Prolonged storage resulted in unacceptable changes in sensory attributes. The application of atmosphere with the composition of 10% O2/10% CO2/80% N2 had the most advantageous effect on the sensory quality of minimally processed spinach. The level of microbial contamination of fresh spinach was slight (104 CFU/g). Counts of mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria were higher in the raw material than in minimally processed samples; however, the counts of microorganisms in most samples increased during 12-day storage, irrespective of the modified atmosphere variant applied in packaging. In all spinach samples, irrespective of the initial composition of atmosphere, oxygen content dropped rapidly; in most samples after 6-day storage anaerobic conditions were generated, which indicates too low permeability of the applied packaging material.
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