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Investigated were changes in selected redox parameters – vitamin C, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) content of goat blood plasma – as markers of oxidative stress after per os administration the N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Used were 20 Polish White Improved goats, selected from the flock of 60 animals. Within the selected goats distinguished were four groups according to somatic cell counts (SCC) of milk: group I – below 1×106, group II – 1×106-2×106, group III – 2×106-4×106 and group IV – above 4×106/ml. Concentrations of GSH, MDA and vitamin C of blond plasma were assessed just at start of the experiment and then after 7 days of daily administration of 12 mg NAC per kg body weight to goats. After 7 days of administering NAC to goats the plasma concentration of both MDA and GSH dropped and that of vitamin C increased. It is concluded that NAC administered per os increases the anti-oxidant capacity and may reduce the content of lipid peroxidation products in blood plasma of milking goats.
There are many studies exploring the topic of acute phase response and oxidative status in inflammation of the mammary gland of cows. However, many phenomena are relatively not well known. Mastitis is associated with significantly higher concentrations of inflammatory and oxidative mediators in the cells and blood. Results of experiments have shown that there are evident changes in serum interleukins (IL), acidglycoprotein (alphalAG), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and haptoglobin (Hp). Thus, local as well as systemic inflammation might play important roles in increased mammary oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, including mastitis and in transgenic technology leading to production of new bacterial proteins, very important in prevention of mastitis. We can also observe an interaction between inflammatory and oxidative mediators. These results suggest an important role played by acute phase response and oxidative status in inflammation of the mammary gland.
The role of the innate immunity during human ageing is not well understood. The aim of the study was to estimate reactivity of NK (natural killer) cells in the very old (mean age 91 years) and old subjects (mean age78 years) compared to young individuals (mean age 26 years) in respect to the indices of the oxidative stress (telomere length of NK cells, serum content of –SH groups), serum total antioxidant status and serum concentrations of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-). The activation state of NK cells, reflected by telomerase activity and intracellular interferon (IFN) content, was also measured. We found that length of telomeres in NK cells and serum concentration of -SH groups decreased both in the old and the oldest subjects as compared to young individuals. The oldest seniors, on the contrary to the old ones, revealed similar level of serum antioxidant status as the young subjects. The serum level of IL-6, not detectable in the young subjects, did not differ in the oldest and old seniors. TNF- serum concentrations progressively increased with age. After stimulation, NK cells of both old groups showed higher intracellular levels of IFN than young subjects. IL-2-activated NK cells of the oldest seniors showed the highest increase of telomerase activity as compared to the other age groups. Serum level of IL-6 correlated positively with activation markers of NK cells. Moreover, in seniors but not in young subjects, the number of active, IFN-expressing NK cells, correlated positively with the serum content of the –SH groups. These findings indicate that sensitivity of NK cells to activation is maintained during ageing and this phenomenon may be related to the oxidative and inflammatory status of the elderly.
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