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In 2008–2010, in the field experiment, the yield and quality of lavender flowers in organic cultivation were tested. The experiment was established in four different locations in Poland. The following features were evaluated: fresh and dried flower yields, seed yield, weight of 1 000 kernels, essential oil content and its composition and microbiological contamination. Lavender flower yield from organic experiments was higher compared with the yield from conventional cultivation. The content of essential oil in organic lavender flowers was lower then that from conventional ones. The content of essential oil and its composition of lavender flowers did not depend on localization. The satisfied yield of lavender seeds was obtained in organic experiments. The investigated lavender raw materials were below the level of standard contamination for raw materials treated with hot water (A) according to European Pharmacopoeia 7.0.
Safe production of leafy vegetables is more important than other horticultural crops due to their significant contribution in health promotion of consumers. In present study, the growth and nutritional quality of sweet basil plants (Ocimum basilicum L.) were evaluated under some organic compared to chemical NPK fertilizing treatments. A non cultivated soil was used in the experiment, and treatments were arranged in completely randomized design with four replications. Manure in 20 and 40% of pot volume, vermicompost in 20 and 40% of pot volume, biophosphate, NPK fertilizer and a no fertilizing control were applied to plants. The results showed that plant growth and biochemical characteristics were differently affected by organic and chemical fertilization treatments. Vermicompost particularly in 20% of pot volume resulted in highest growth and quality parameters, while the lowest values recorded in 40% manure treatment. The leaf content of ascorbic acid, essential oil, protein and minerals (P, K, Mn, Cu) were highest in 20% vermicompost, whereas leaf content of Mg, Fe and Zn was highest in 40% vermicompost treatment. Leaf nitrate content was significantly reduced in all organic treatments than NPK fertilization. Biophosphate also improved the yield and quality traits compared to unfertilized plants, while manure in both quantities reduced most of the traits (leaf vitamin C, oil yield and protein content) except the content of phenols. This indicates that processing as vermicompost can be a better way of manure application for basil production.
Out of 750,000 known plants in the world, a major part are medicinal and aromatic plants – a source of raw material for folk and documented systems of medicines worldwide. The folk and documented medicine in India use about 6,000 plants, although, less than 50 species have been scientifically studied and cultivated to any sizeable extent. The main factor behind the slow pace of domestication of medicinal plants is the absence of knowledge on cultivation practices and lack of suitable technology. About 90% of the medicinal plants for trade are harvested from the wild and the demand for traditional medicinal plants is increasing rapidly. Continuous exploitation of several medicinal plant species from the wild has resulted in their population decline. Hence, an effective strategy is needed for their sustainable utilization and conservation. Cultivation is the most effective way of conservation. Cultivation can also ensure production of standardized raw materials. Thereby, enhances the quality of the manufactured products. The methods and techniques of modern chemical agriculture cannot be adopted for the cultivation of medicinal plants as they should be free from harmful residues. Pesticides and other harmful chemicals have been detected in some herbal products. Hence, to ensure a safe, residue-free and reliable material for use in herbal drug industry, there is an urgent need to adopt strategies for cultivation of medicinal plants that are consistent with principles of good agricultural practices.
In our study, we investigated how crop rotation of a spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica), vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mixture and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) with maize (Zea mays L.) and muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) products affected the weed density and coverage area in organic crop production. The weed coverage areas and densities (weeds m–2 ) of summer crops produced in rotation with winter crops were compared with those of control plots in the experimental area. As a result of this comparison, the most effective winter crops for reducing weed density in silage maize were found to be broccoli (50.4%), barley + vetch (48.3%) and faba bean (45.3%). When the effect of winter crops on weeds in terms of muskmelon production was examined, barley + vetch (53.2%), broccoli (36.1%) and faba bean (33.4%) were found to reduce the density of weeds. In contrast, the application of barley + vetch (67.0%), faba bean (65.3) and broccoli (62.0%) was the most effective applications for the muskmelon product in terms of weed coverage area; spinach (24.7%) and constantly weedless (16.8%) applications were less effective. When the silage maize and muskmelon yield results were examined, it was determined that yield differences were statistically significant. It was also determined that the highest yield was obtained from the barley + vetch rotations. This application effectiveness was followed by that of the faba bean, constantly weedless, broccoli and spinach applications.
The abundance and species composition of fungi colonizing grain of spring wheat cvs. 'Koksa' and 'Torka', grown in the conventional and organic farming systems, was assessed in 2004-2006. More colonies of Alternaria alternata, Aureo- basidium pullulans, Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium spp., Gibberella spp. were isolated from wheat grain obtained from conventional farms. Intensive chemical control did not reduce the abundance and species diversity of Fusarium spp., Gibberella spp. A considerably higher number of Epicoccum nigrum colonies were isolated in the organic farming system, as compared with the conventional system.
The present study was conducted to determine the quantitative effects of light and temperature on growth and development of organic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings in a glasshouse under ecological conditions of Samsun Province of Turkey. Seedlings were grown in four different periods (seeds sown on 29 September for 1st period; 2 December for 2nd period; 18 March for 3rd period and 6 July for 4th period). In order to create different light intensities, shading material having a shading capacity of 50% in 1, 2 and 3 layers was used in each period after seeding. The effects of light and temperature on plant growth and development (leaf area, stomatal conductivity, leaf chlorophyll content, plant height, stem diameter and total plant vegetative dry weight) and the number of days from sowing to plantation of seedlings, were investigated. Obtained results revealed decreasing number of days from sowing to seedling plantation with increasing light intensities. Finally, the number of days from sowing to seedling plantation to be used in organic tomato seedling production was modeled based on the variations in temperature and light intensity (r2 = 0.92).
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań z lat 2006-2009, mające na celu przeanalizowanie wpływu zmiennych warunków pogodowych w latach badań i nawożenia biomasą wsiewki międzyplonowej na zawartość substancji szkodliwych w bulwach ziemniaka uprawianego w integrowanym i ekologicznym systemie produkcji. Badano dwa czynniki. I. Nawożenie wsiewką międzyplonową: obiekt kontrolny (bez nawożenia wsiewką międzyplonową), obornik, koniczyna perska, koniczyna perska + życica westerwoldzka, życica westerwoldzka, koniczyna perska – mulcz, koniczyna perska + życica westerwoldzka – mulcz, życica westerwoldzka – mulcz. II. Systemy produkcji: integrowany i ekologiczny. Bezpośrednio po zastosowaniu wsiewek międzyplonowych uprawiano ziemniak jadalny. Podczas zbioru bulw ziemniaka pobrano ich próby do oznaczenia zawartości: azotanów (V) i glikoalkaloidów. Najniższą zawartość substancji szkodliwych odnotowano w bulwach ziemniaka zebranego w latach 2007 i 2009, o korzystnym rozkładzie opadów i temperatur. Najniższą zawartością azotanów (V) charakteryzowały się bulwy ziemniaka nawożonego koniczyną perską oraz mieszanką koniczyny perskiej z życicą westerwoldzką, niezależnie od formy ich stosowania w obu systemach produkcji, a glikoalkaloidów bulwy ziemniaka nawożonego koniczyną perską w formie mulczu w integrowanym systemie produkcji.
In six field experiments the quality of basil herb and usefulness of Polish cultivar 'Kasia' for organic cultivation was tested. The following features were tested: dried herb yield, stem content, essential oil content, macro- and microelements content and microbiological pu­rity. Only basil herb yield from Słońsk was higher compared to the yield from conventional cultivation though it contained high amount of stems. Basil herb was characterized by high content of essential oil and increasing content of macro- and microelements apart from calcium. Evaluation of microbiological purity showed that for both types of cultivation herb contamination did not exceed standard for raw materials treated with hot water.
Celem pracy było określenie wpływu systemów rolniczych, rozmieszczenia roślin w łanie oraz genotypu soi na zawartość podstawowych składników odżywczych. Doświadczenie przeprowadzono w Gospodarstwie Doświadczalnym w Czesławicach należącym do Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Lublinie. Pierwszym czynnikiem był system uprawy (ekologiczny i konwencjonalny), drugim – odmiana soi (‘Aldana’ i ‘Merlin’) , trzecim – rozstawa rzędów (35 cm i 22,5 cm). W próbach nasion pochodzących ze zbioru z 2016 roku badano zawartości suchej masy, białka surowego, tłuszczu surowego, włókna surowego, popiołu surowego oraz BAW (związki bezazotowe wyciągowe). Zastosowane w doświadczeniu systemy uprawy oraz rozstawa rzędów nie różnicowały istotnie składu chemicznego nasion soi. Natomiast czynnik odmianowy wpłynął na ich skład chemiczny. Nasiona soi odmiany ‘Aldana’ zawierały istotnie więcej popiołu surowego oraz mniej tłuszczu surowego niż odmiany ‘Merlin’. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań trudno jest jednoznacznie określić wpływ czynników agrotechnicznych na cechy jakościowe nasion. Decydujące znaczenie mają warunki meteorologiczne panujące w okresie wegetacyjnym danego rejonu uprawy oraz genotyp poszczególnych odmian.
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