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The research dealt with the influence of, variable in doses (0, 60, 120, 180 kg P₂O₅/ha), fertilization on the formation of tuber resistance to mechanical damages of four varieties of potatoes. Besides, some anatomical values of tubers i.e. periderm thickness, number and length of peridermal cells and their relation with resistance were examined. The investigations proved that resistance is a factor which depends on variety, and does not depend significantly on variable phosphoric fertilization. Less resistant varieties are characterized by thicker periderm and more numerous cell layers.
The aim of this paper was to determine relationships between the potato tuber cutting resistance and dimensional fraction of tubers and a potato variety and the correlation between cutting resistance and the index of tuber damages during combine harvesting. Investigations concerned four varietites of potatoes: Bronka, Fala, Lawina, Mila, three dimensional fractions of bulbs: 40 - 50 mm, 50 - 60 mm and above 60 mm and also tuber damage indices of the examined varieties. On the basis of the statistical analysis significant differentiation was foud out between cutting resistances of both examined varieties and dimensional tuber fractions and the correlation between cutting resistances and the indices of damage of tubers during the harvest.
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Results of investigations on the susceptibility of rape seeds to macro- and microdamage caused by the dynamic contact between seed and metal are presented in this paper. The damage is understood as a disturbance of the continuity of seed tissues as a result of the impact of external mechanical factors. The presence of the damage may cause the initiation of unfavourable chemical and biological reactions inside seeds and, as a consequence, can cause the decrease of their technological and reproductive values. The investigations were carried out with four winter rape varieties taking into consideration the size of seeds, point and energy of impact. An evaluation of macro- and microdamage was made with the method elaborated earlier at the Institute of Agrophysics in Lublin. The investigations show that varietal features significantly differentiate the resistance of seeds to damage. From among varietes under investigation the least resistant to impacts appeared to be Mar and the most resistant - Ceres. It was also found that the point of impact in seed has significant effect on its resistance. It is markedly visible with the smallest seeds (fraction 1.8 mm). Seed damage was evaluated in dependence on a wide range of impact energy (from 0.3 to 1.8 mJ). The results obtained show that small seeds undergo greater damage in comparison to larger ones. It is more visible at higher ranges of impact energy.
The effect of temperature totals during vegetation periods in 1987-1991 on the potato tuber resistance to mechanical damages was studied, and it was concluded that this effect is substantially positive. The studies included four potato cultivars: Aba, Atol, Certa, Mila, that differ essentially one from the other in respect to their resistance to mechanical damages. The temperature totals during ripening the tubers substantially affected the resistance.
The studies were conducted to determine the effect of total precipitation and its distribution during potato vegetation on the occurence of mechanical damages of potato tubers at harvesting. Four potato cultivars (Aba, Atol, Certa and Mila) were tested within the years 1987-1991. It was found that mechanical damage resistance of the potato tubers decreased as the rainfall total during vegetation increased. The reinfall in August and September affects significantly the soil moisture content during potato harvest and its increased rate caused more mechanical damages of potato tubers.
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