Ograniczanie wyników

Czasopisma help
Autorzy help
Lata help
Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 86

Liczba wyników na stronie
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 5 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Wyszukiwano:
w słowach kluczowych:  natural condition
help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 5 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
Comparative coproscopic studies on the occurrence of helminths in the wild boar included two groups of animals living under different conditions: one (A) - wild boar inhabiting a woodland area, another (B) - wild boar from a free-range farm. Analysis of 142 samples of faeces revealed the occurrence of six nematode species: Oesophagostomum sp./Globocephalus sp., Metastrongylus sp., Trichuris suis, Ascaris suum, Ascarops strongylina, and Physocephalus sexalatus. The prevalence of infection was very high - 97.2%, while the mean number of eggs was 34.3 ±88.6. The prevalence was similar in the two groups: A=98.4% vs. B=96.3%. The mean number of eggs was higher in group B (46.6 ±115.3; range 1-902) compared to A (18.3 ±17.2; 1-83). All the parasite taxa were found in each group. The frequency of individual helminth taxa differed between the groups, but the differences were statistically significant only for Oesophagostomum sp./Globocephalus sp. (χ²=4.34; df=l; P=0.037), Metastrongylus sp. (χ²=8.03; df=2; P=0.004), and A suum (χ²=15.67; df=2; P=0.000).
This paper presents results of speciation analysis of soils coming from Silesia. In examinations a five-step extraction procedure has been applied. Direct analysis of sediments and analysis of extracts was carried out by the X-ray fluorescence spectrometry with wavelength dispersion. Examinations were carried out with the use of soil CRM S-1.
The time of Chironomus plu- mosus generation in the field conditions (shallow, eutrophic dam reservoir) was estimated to be about 3 weeks in the spring. This estimate has been possible due to simultaneous mass appearance of young larvae (the new generation) and the lack of older larvae at this time. Later in the season usually there was some amount of the youngest larvae, indicating the permanent emergence of imagos and the egg-laying, but without clear peaks of numbers and boundaries between successive generations. This regularity and the relatively low total numbers of larvae during the summer indicate the heavy fish pressure on the benthos, not allowing for the mass appearance of young larvae and the estimate of the generation time. Fish pressure is probably weak in spring, during a spawning period, but then increase in the summer. The generation number could be theoretically as high as 5 during the vegetation season (May–October), assuming about 3 weeks for full larval development, as it was estimated at optimal feeding and oxygen conditions and low fish pressure in the spring. However some limiting factors like: oxygen deficits, the annoyance by fish and bestrewing of larval tubes with the mud transported by the water flow (range 150–500 m³ s⁻¹ of the total inflow) increase in the summer. These factors can slow down larval development, resulting in observed lower generation number: 3 to 4 during a year.
The biodegraded foils based on starch and containing different fillers to improve the foil properties have been studied. The foil resistance to solvents of different character, their susceptibility to biodegradation in compost and in the soil, in natural conditions, have been determined. The foil quality and rate of their degradation have been observed under an electron microscope (SEM images).
The subject of the study was three populations of spinycheek crayfish, Orconectes limosus (Raf.) from lakes Staw Płociczno, Dgał Wielki, and Hańcza. The aspects of the spinycheek crayfish studied were the morphometric characters of females and males, individual absolute fecundity, sex ratio, size structure, density, biomass, and feeding intensity in an annual cycle. It was determined that the body proportions of males in forms I and II differed significantly, while the body proportions of female spinycheek crayfish were similar to those of form II males but different from the body proportions of form I males. The crayfish investigated in the current study had a lower individual absolute fecundity than did spinycheek crayfish of the same body weights from other Polish basins. The crayfish daily food ration exhibited a very strong relationship with the stomach fullness index and water temperature. The empirical formula of this relationship (ln Rd P = 0.397 + 0.094 t + 0.614 ln If) permitted estimating the daily food ration. The crayfish fed most intensely from the May to October period, during which they consumed in excess of 80% of their annual ration. The primary dietary component of the spinycheek crayfish was plant matter. Annually, the crayfish population consumed barely 0.27% of the wet weight of the aquatic vegetation in its range of occurrence.
Growth of Chilostoma faustinum (Rossmässler, 1835) was recorded under natural conditions in Romincka Forest (NE. Poland), one of the northernmost localities of the species. During the growing season (April–October) the average growth rate was 0.22 whorl/month. In the local conditions Ch. faustinum Leeds three growing seasons to complete its shell growth. Shells of Ch. faustinum from Romincka Forest are slightly smaller than in the other studied populations: their average width is 16.5 mm (range 13–19 mm); and the average number of whorls is 4.5 (range 4–5).
Moss crusts are the highest developmental stage of biological crusts in arid and semiarid ecosystems worldwide. Under natural conditions, elementary functional units of moss crusts are patches. However, to date, the quantitative features, distribution pattern, ecological effect and relationship with environmental factors of moss patches in desert ecosystems remain unclear. In this study, 3303 moss patches in 22 plots and relevant environmental variables were investigated and quantified in the Gurbantunggut Desert, China. Thirty-six patch classes were defined. Moss crusts accounted on average for 11.7% of the plot area, and the mean moss patch area was 23.4 cm². Small patches dominated, indicating a serious fragmentation of moss crusts. Significant density-dependent effects between patch density and size, humped relationships between patch size and moss plant density, and soil water content under moss patches were observed. The overall distribution of moss crusts showed a tendency of moss patch size and moss plant density decreasing from the southeastern part of the desert to the northwestern part, while moss patch density showed the opposite trend. Pearson's correlation analysis and nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis consistently demonstrated that the distributions of moss patches were dominantly influenced by non-moss crust coverage, sand particle size, latitude, mean annual precipitation (MAP) and mean annual temperature. Of these parameters, fine sand, high MAP and low latitude were beneficial to the development of moss crusts. Consequently, the factors influencing the distribution pattern of moss crusts are complex and contain the soil factor, current climatic conditions and natural and human disturbances.
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 5 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.