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Perspectives of geotourism development in the Gorce I quarry

100%

Zbucki L., Jedrusik M.

Economic and Regional Studies

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2017

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tom 10

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nr 2

Subject and purpose of work: The purpose of the study is to present the perspectives of geotourism development in the porphyry quarry Gorce I, which is situated in the Wałbrzyskie mountains. Currently the exploitation of this quarry is suspended. Materials and methods: This work was written after studying the literature on this subject and conducting field research, during which terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) was used, among others. The material gathered during field research was used, among other things, to create a 3D model of the Gorce I quarry. Results: The research and analyses conducted in the porphyry quarry Gorce I allowed for designating a geotourist trail where information boards were placed. Conclusions: The research conducted in the Gorce I quarry confirms the possibility of utilizing this excavation pit for geotourism purposes.

2

Application of technology of repeated GPS measurements for quasi-geoid determination

100%

Weigel J., Svabensky O.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Geodesia et Descriptio Terrarum

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2006

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tom 05

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nr 1-2

3

Quality assessment of spring water from the area of the Lysogory Mts. in Swietokrzyski National Park in 2010

86%

Jasik M., Malek S.

Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry

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2013

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tom 55

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nr 1

The study was conducted in the year 2010 in the Łysogóry Mts. in Świętokrzyski National Park. Spring water samples were collected in three rounds. The first round was carried out after the period of snowmelt (March/ April 2010), the second – after intensive rainfall (May 2010) and the third – when water levels were low (July 2010). The data set attained concerned conductivity, water pH, and also concentrations of the foremost anions (Cl-, NO3 -, SO4 2-) and cations (NH4 +, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+). Spring water quality was assessed in line with Polish policy on groundwater (Regulation of the Minister of Environment of 23 July 2008, The results confirmed that spring water quality strongly depended on wet acid deposition and the geological structure. Tree species (fir and beech), exposition and soil types within the alimentation area did not influence water chemistry. Spring water were found in low quality classes according to Polish standards due to low water pH as well as high NO3 - and NH4 + concentration.

4

Impact of deforestation on water chemistry in the western Tatras and Beskid Slaski range in the Polish Carpathians

86%

Kosmowska A., Zelazny M., Malek S., Stanczyk T.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Formatio Circumiectus

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2018

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tom 17

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nr 3

The article describes the research into the impact of deforestation on the values of physicochemical traits and chemical composition of waters which drain the catchments covered with forest, and those that have been deforested, in the western part of Polish Carpathians. The research was carried out in independent catchments in the Skrzyczne massif in the Beski Śląski (Silesian Beskidy Range) in 2013–2014, and in the Kościeliska Valley in the Western Tatras in 2015–2016. During field studies, water samples were collected monthly in catchments with various degrees of deforestation, and the physicochemical characteristics of water were measured (pH, PEW, Tw). In the laboratory, the chemical composition of water, specifically the content of 14 ions (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, NH₄⁺, Li⁺, HCO₃⁻ , SO₄²⁻, Cl⁻, NO2 ⁻, NO₃⁻ , PO₄³⁻ , Br⁻, F⁻), was determined by means of ion chromatography (DIONEX 2000). The conducted research has shown the impact of deforestation on the value of physical and chemical traits and chemical composition of water. Deforestation of the slopes caused changes in the structure of the chemical composition of water, especially in the area of correlations between anions. In the Tatras, in the basins deforested as a result of windfall, a significant increase in the proportion of NO₃⁻ (% mval ∙ dm⁻³) in the anionic element of the chemical composition of water was observed, and in the Beskid Śląski, in catchments deforested due to the tree stand decay associated with the imission of pollutants, a significant increase in SO₄²⁻ (% mval ∙ dm⁻³) and a significant decrease in HCO₃⁻ (% mval ∙ dm⁻³) in the anionic structure of the chemical composition of waters was observed. These examples document the extremely important role played by forests, which cover mountain slopes, in the hydrochemical functioning of the catchment. In the spatial aspect, there is an unusual phenomenon of hydrochemical mosaicism consisting in the occurrence of different relationships between anions, especially hydrogen carbonates, sulphates and nitrates.

5

Impact of mountainous areas management system upon biogenes content in surface waters

86%

Kanownik W.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Environmental Development

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2005

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tom 08

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nr 2

The paper presents the results of over 6 years research on biogenes concentrations in surface waters originated from 4 measurement and control sections located in the catchment of Trybska Rzeka stream, which is a right-bank tributary of Białka river whose mouth lies on the right shore of Czorsztyn reservoir. The research has been aimed at determining the impact of mountainous lands management system on the biogenes content in the surface waters flowing across the area. Since numerous factors, quite often difficult to identify, can influence the number of biogenes in water, the field studies were conducted in three very small catchments that were similar in terms of physical and geographical, as well as climatic conditions, but the lands differed in the agricultural management systems. An additional research section on Trybska Rzeka watercourse within the built-in area of Trybsz village has been established to determine the influence of village farmstead areas on biogenic contaminants introduced to surface waters via various agents. The conducted research allowed to conclude that the agricultural management system applied to microcatchments significantly impacts biogenes content in surface waters flowing out from the concerned area. Nitrate nitrogen and phosphates contents are most heavily impacted. It was also found that in mountainous areas grasslands are most effective in reducing nitrogen compounds content in infiltration waters. Settlement areas with inconsistent water and sewage disposal management systems and inappropriately designed facilities for storing sewage and manure contribute gravely to degenerating surface waters.

6

Mountain soils derived from massive rocks in the Northwestern Wedel Jarlsberg Land, Spitsbergen

86%

Klimowicz Z., Melke J., Uziak S.

Polish Polar Research

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1996

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tom 17

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nr 1-2

7

Habitat selection by Southern water vole (Arvicola sapidus) in riparian environments of Mediterranean mountain areas: a conservation tool for the species

72%

Mate I., Barrull J., Salicru M., Ruiz-Olmo J., Gosalbez J.

Acta Theriologica

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2013

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tom 58

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nr 1

The Southern water vole, Arvicola sapidus, is endemic to the Iberian Peninsula and France. Despite being catalogued as vulnerable, our current knowledge of this species is not sufficient to establish measures for its conservation and recovery, particularly in riparian zones of Mediterranean mountain areas. The aim of this study was to identify factors related to habitat configuration that determine the presence or absence of the species in the Montsant River. Specifically, we associated the presence/absence of this arvicolid rodent with composition of vegetation, river bank morphology, and watercourse characteristics. The results suggest that, in this area, the most favorable places for the species are those with a high degree of cover of herbaceous plants (mainly helophytes) and moderate to low levels of tree and shrub cover; gently sloping banks and a soft substrate; and the presence of water, with moderate to high stream widths and depths. In addition, we developed a classification method which allowed us to classify and characterize habitat conditions: the optimal scenario (preferential for arvicoline establishment), the suboptimal scenario (whose use is related to opportunities to find best scenarios), and the hostile scenario (not acceptable for use). In such riparian areas, the results revealed that the Southern water vole is a specialist in terms of habitat selection, but behaves as a generalist in terms of occupancy. Its ability to adapt to suboptimal conditions widens the options for managing Southern water vole populations, and indicates that the maintenance and rehabilitation of habitat along continuous stretches of river is the most effective approach to achieving self-sustaining populations.

8

The dynamics of stem necrosis occurrence in mountain stands of varying forest cover index and ground slope

72%

Michalec K., Wasik R.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria

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2012

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tom 11

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nr 3

The aim of this study was to analyse the frequency and extent of mechanical damage of tree stems in mountain spruce stands of varying forest cover index and ground slope, without taking into account the technology used in obtaining wood. The study was conducted in 17 spruce stands located in the Sudetes and the Carpathians. In the stands the 1 ha test surfaces were established. The damage on trees with dbh ≥ 18 cm was measured. As a result of the analysis it was found that the most damaged trees grew in the stand with forest cover ratio of 0.7 and 1.0, while taking into account the decline of the area most damage was found in the stands with a slope of 16 to 25°. The study, however, showed no clear relationship between the position of necrosis on tree stems (its size and height) and forest cover and a decrease of the area.

9

Effect of extreme weather events on the pheromone trapping dynamics of European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) in various environmental conditions of mountain spruce stands

72%

Bielan J., Haliniak D.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria

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2012

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tom 11

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nr 4

Hurricanes, high temperatures and drought have caused damage to forests in the Żywiec Beskids. The effect of extreme weather events on the population of Ips typographus was examined in the damaged spruce stands in the period of 2005-2007, using pheromone traps for catching beetles. The daily average number of trapped beetles in a single pheromone trap ranged between 32 and 72 in subsequent growing seasons. It was proved that thermal conditions at different altitudes affected the beginning and the course of I. typographus swarming. Three swarming peaks were observed in each of three consecutive growing seasons. Extremely high temperatures in 2006 did not increase the number of swarming peaks. In 2007 the number of beetles in pheromone traps was twice higher than in the first year of the study.

10

Vegetation mapping in Norway and a scenario for vegetation changes in a mountain district

72%

Bryn A.

Geographia Polonica

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2006

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tom 79

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nr 1

11

Rola pasterstwa w ksztaltowaniu i utrzymaniu krajobrazu gorskiego

72%

Drozdz A.

Biuletyn Informacyjny. Instytut Zootechniki

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2002

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tom 40

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nr 1

115-126

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Ecological boundaries at different scales: testing the moving split window analysis using artificial and field data

72%

Erdos L., Batori Z., Morschhauser T., Kormoczi L.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2013

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tom 61

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nr 2

Scale-dependency is one of the well-known features of ecological boundaries. Unfortunately, there are relatively few case studies analysing boundaries of different scales. Moreover, properties of moving split window (MSW) technique, a method potentially suitable for examining boundaries at several spatial scales, are not fully understood. In this study, we used artificial data sets to test the capacities and limitations of the MSW method. We also applied field data from the Mecsek Mts (Hungary) (611 m a.s.l.) in order to reveal possible boundaries at different scales and to contribute to the knowledge on vegetation pattern of mountain areas. We found that one should apply several window-widths when using MSW, since this is the only way to detect and differentiate between boundaries of different scales. Our study revealed the vegetation pattern of Mt Tubes: there is a series of continuously intergrading mesic communities on the northern slope, while the southern slope is occupied by a mosaic of different xeric communities. In this pattern, boundaries of two different scales have been identified. We conclude that MSW could effectively be used in similar mountain regions to analyse herb layer vegetation patterns and boundaries.

13

Basic parameters of timber harvesting processes in mountain beech stands in Komancza Forest Inspectorate

72%

Sadowski J., Moskalik T., Zastocki D.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria

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2012

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tom 11

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nr 4

The basic purpose of this study was to determine a working-day structure and work productivity rate during the process of timber harvesting in mountain conditions. The parameters were determined on the ground of data collected during field studies. The aforesaid working-day structure was defined on the ground of time study observations. The areas included in the survey were typically mountain stands, in which cutting was applied by means of a cutting method IVd. Work teams assigned approximately 50-70% of their work-shift time to technological operations, whose greatest part was taken by delimbing and slashing. A significant portion of the day was taken by preparation of a workstand (approx. 10%), as well as cutting and felling. This was caused primarily by the necessity of snow coat removal. Technological work productivity rates amounted to some 3 to 14 m3 per day per one worker. During the skidding process, a significant percentage of trees remaining along the skidding path was being injured. On the ground of the obtained results and their analyses, an attempt was made to evaluate and suggest possible changes in timber harvesting organization, in order to improve work productivity rates.

14

Mountain communes’ expenditure for tourism as a factor of tourist traffic intensity in their areas

72%

Chudy-Hyski D.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2011

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nr 11

The aim of the paper is identification of the relationship between the amount of expenditure for tourism born by mountain communes (gminas) in Poland and intensity of tourist traffic in their areas. The analysis of tourist traffic in mountain communes in Poland in the first place allowed to establish that an average intensity of tourist traffic is greater than generally in Poland. The observation does not refer to the whole of the analyzed area, since tourist traffic reveals a very high concentration, reaching extreme cases in the communes where not a single tourist used bed-places. Registered increase in tourist traffic intensity did not apply to the whole area of mountain communes in Poland. Mountain communes only to some extent get involved in realization of expenditure on tourism - less than half of communes participated in them in 2009 and only few communes spent considerable amounts of money. Average expenditure from commune budgets on tourism, both total and per one tourist using bed places in mountain communes, were higher than the average for all communes in Poland.None of the applied methods of identification of correlative dependence allowed to establish its occurrence on a significant level, therefore the number of tourists in mountain communes in Poland does not directly depend on the amount of expenditure on tourism realized by these communes.

15

Utilization of the MHT-182HVT mountain harvester and its effect on the forest soil and stand

72%

Duszynski L., Walczyk J.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series: Forestry

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2009

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tom 12

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nr 2

16

Analysis of forest stands damages caused by the usage of harvester technologies in mountain areas

72%

Dvorak J.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series: Forestry

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2005

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tom 08

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nr 2

17

Hunting habitat preferences of raptors in a mountainous area [Northwestern Spain]

72%

Tapia L., Dominguez J., Rodriguez L.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2008

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tom 56

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nr 2

323-333

The hunting habitat preferences of six diurnal raptors (see below) were studied during spring-summer and autumn-winter periods in a mountainous area of northwestern Spain (the Baixa Limia-Serra do Xurés Natural Park). For this, 15 counting-points were established (at 800 m a.s.l.) in the study area between February 1997 and January 1998. Each point was sampled 4 hours per month. The dependent variables used were presence-absence and specific relative abundance (number of birds hr⁻¹km⁻²). Seventeen environmental variables (number of settlements, surface area occupied by settlements, road length, minimum altitude, maximum altitude, max-min altitude, mean altitude, min slope, max slope, max-min slope, mean slope, surface area occupied by scrub-pasture, surface area occupied by forest, scrub-forest edge, number of people hr⁻¹ km⁻², livestock hr⁻¹ km⁻², vehicles hr⁻¹ km⁻²) were used as predictors for characterizing the hunting habitat patterns between March and August (spring-summer period) and between September and February (autumn-winter period). Information regarding each independent variable in the monitoring areas was obtained from 1:50000 digital maps. We analysed the habitat selection patterns of six raptor species, using univariate and multivariate analysis. The PCA generated three factors that accounted for 84% of the variance in spring-summer and 81% of the variance in autumn-winter. The Short-toed Eagle Circaetus gallicus (Gmelin) did not show any pattern in their habitat selection. The Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus (L.) and Montagu´s Harrier Circus pygargus (L.) were more often observed in higher, more gently sloping areas. The spring-summer abundance of the Common Buzzard Buteo buteo (L.) was positively correlated with the surface area occupied by human settlements and the surface area occupied by forest, and in the autumn-winter period its abundance was negatively correlated with the mean slope. The Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos (L.) showed similar hunting habitat selection patterns in both periods, with a preference for shrub areas and weak presence of human settlements. The Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus (L.) did not show any pattern of habitat selection in the spring-summer period but its abundance was negatively correlated with the mean slope in the autumn-winter period.

18

Modelling habitat use by Iberian hare Lepus granatensis and European wild rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus in a mountainous area in northwestern Spain

72%

Tapia L., Dominguez J., Rodriguez L.

Acta Theriologica

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2010

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tom 55

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nr 1

73-79

We developed broad-scale habitat use models for the distribution of the Iberian hare Lepus granatensis Rosenhaeur, 1856 and the relative abundance of the European wild rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus (Linnaeus, 1758) in a mountainous area in north-western Spain, the Baixa Limia Site of Community Importance (SCI). For the Iberian hare, the most parsimonious model included average altitude, average slope, scrub-pasture area and length of border between scrublands and forests. Four variables were consequential, 2 of them with a positive sign for the presence of the hare (average altitude and scrubland area) and 2 with a negative one (average slope and length of border between scrubland and forest). For the European wild rabbit the most parsimonious General Linear model obtained included average altitude and scrub-forest edge. Only 2 predictors were consequential, both with a negative sign on the relative abundance of wild rabbits: the average altitude and length of border between scrubland and forest. The models obtained indicated the need of management actions to favour open habitats with suitable vegetation structure, avoiding extensive reforestation. A revision of the current hunting plans in the protected area of Baixa Limia is required.

19

Survival rates of young Magpies Pica pica in a mountain population of eastern Spain

72%

Ponz Miranda A., Gil-Delgado Alberti J. A., Lopez Iborra G. M.

Acta Ornithologica

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2007

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tom 42

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nr 1

63-68

20

Estimation of the meteorological forest fire risk in a mountainous region by using remote air temperature and relative humidity data

72%

Matsoukis A., Kamoutsis A., Chronopoulos K.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

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2018

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tom 67

The occurrence of forest fires is frequent phenomenon in Greece, especially during the warmest period of the year, the summer. Timely and reliable estimation of the meteorological risk for their onset is of crucial importance for their prevention. Thus, the purpose of our current work was firstly the estimation of the values of a suitable relevant index for Greece, meteorological forest fire risk index (MKs,t), derived from actual air temperature (T) and relative humidity data (RH) as well as from regressed T and RH, in a mountainous region (MR) of Nafpaktia, Greece, for the most dangerous period of the year (July-August) and day (11:00 h -16:00 h), for five successive years (2006-2010) and secondly the comparison of the two ways of MKs,t values estimation (from actual and regressed T and RH), based on MKs,t classes. Regressed T and RH data were estimated with the aid of simple linear regression models from T and RH data, respectively, of an urban region, 175 Km away from MR, taking into account firstly the warmest (2007) and the coldest (2006) year of the examined year period. It was confirmed that MKs,t values (based on regressed T and RH data) coincided in their classification to the respective ones resulted from actual T and RH data, that is, there was absolute success (100%). Using simple linear regression lines and applying them to estimate separately T and RH at MR, for the most dangerous period of year and day concerning the whole examined year period, it was found that almost all the estimated MKs,t values coincided, regarding their classification, with those estimated from actual T and RH data (97% success), which was considered very satisfactory. Therefore, our research methodology contributes a new perspective to a reliable estimation of MKs,t from remote T and RH data using simple statistical models.

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