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The performed investigations aimed at assessing the welfare of horses on the basis of the examination of chosen parameters of the stable microclimate. The investigations were carried out at the Wolica horse riding complex of Warsaw University of Life Sciences. The objects of the investigations were two buildings with breeding environments. The investigations were carried out during three seasons: summer, autumn and winter. The investigated basic parameters of the microclimate were: air temperature, relative humidity, air cooling force and movement as well as the type and intensity of lighting. The results were compared with the binding norms. The obtained results show that the parameters agree with the recommendations of animal hygiene exceeding the norms only sporadically. The welfare was maintained.
The main microclimate parameters, i.e. bacterial count and airborne emission to the immediate environment, were analyzed in a dairy barn. Air temperature, relative humidity and air flow velocity were measured on an attested Testo 400 device (Testo Inc., Germany). Air samples were collected by use of a Merck MAS-100 device (Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany) onto a commercially available nutrient Columbia agar (Biolife, Milan, Italy) and incubated for 24 h in an incubator at 37oC work temperature. Measurements were carried out once a week in the morning, at noon, and in the evening during October and November 2002. In the barn, measurements were performed in the animal housing area along the feedlot, and outside the barn at a distance of 5 m, 25 m and 50 m eastward and westward from the barn. The measured dairy barn temperature ranged from 11.2oC to 13.1oC, relative humidity from 71.3-78.6%, and air flow velocity from 0.09-0.11 m/s. The mean value of total bacterial count in the barn air ranged from 2.82 x 104 cfu/m3 at noon to 7.76 x 104 cfu/m3 in the evening. Bacterial count decreased at particular measuring sites outside the barn, with Wilcoxon matched pair test showing statistical significance (p<0.05) at a distance of 5 m eastward and 5 m westward of the barn.
Results of long-term operating tests on a prototype tube-within-tube recuperator designed for recovery of heat from broiler house exhaust air are presented. The construction and operation of the recuperator accounts for specific conditions of the poultry house, such as very high dustiness and humidity of air. Two-year tests of the recuperator in real operating conditions of a typical broiler house for 16,000-18,000 chickens showed that its energy efficiency is 30-37% and it can be used over the entire production cycle of 42-45 days without the need to remove the dust deposited on the exhaust channel walls. The results of microbiological tests give no indication that the recuperator might pose a threat to biosafety of the broiler house after the 2-year operation. The results of comparative studies on basic parameters of microclimate and production efficiency in the experimental and control part of the broiler house showed that the recuperator's operation was beneficial for the energy management and production results.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the temperature and humidity of air and light conditions in autumn in SK Nowielice stables. This study did not reveal any aberrancies from proper zoohygienic standards and thus did not decrease in horse welfare in autumn.
Respecting EU cross-compliance requirements as an indicator of animal welfare on dairy farms in Poland.The aim of the study was to determine the level of animal welfare on dairy farms in Poland and to compare the measured parameters with the cross-compliance requirements. The study was conducted on 46 farms in the winter season. The microclimate measurements such as air moisture content, concentrations ofselected air pollutantsand the brightness of the room has been taken. A comparison of cattle housing systems on bedding and on the slatted floor has been examined.The barns were divided into four groups, depending on the size of the herd: 10-20 cows (12 barns), 21-40 cows (22 barns), 41-60 cows (7 barns), and 100-180 cows (5 barns), respectively. The largest group consisted of haerds housing 21-40 cows, which represented 48% of all herds involved in the study. Of all the barns that used slatted floors or bedding, we selected three largest herds each in order to compare hygienic parameters between both types of housing. The main findings were as follows: (1)The concentration of selected air pollutantsin most of the barns did not deviate from the recommendations of the (Polish)National Research Institute of Animal Production.(2) The concentration of selected air pollutantswas lower in barns where the cattle was kept on slatted floors. (3)The cattle housed on slatted floors also had better lighting conditions. (4.) Smaller herds of dairy cows were found to have relative air humidity conditions. (5) In 81% of farms, air humidity in the premises remained within the animal welfare standards.
Adequate descriptions of roosting habitat are vital to the management and conservation of bats. However, most studies on bat roosting preference report only structural characteristics of roosts and surrounding habitat, and ignore potentially important factors in roost selection. I argue that the current methods for describing the roosting habitat of tree-roosting bats can be improved, and that more emphasis should be placed on designing studies to determine why bats choose particular roosts. Herein, I focus on measuring microclimate in roosts because it universally influences habitat selection. Specifically, roost temperature is easily measured and is likely an important microclimate variable used by bats in roost selection. Variation in structural characteristics of roosts is often assumed to correlate with variation in microclimate of the roost; however, empirical data are too scarce to verify this assumption. I suggest improvements to the current methods of describing roost characteristics and suggest the inclusion of new methods to describe microclimate. In summation, I argue that there are methods of measuring roost characteristics that may be beneficial to use in conjunction with the methods currently being used, and that microclimate should be considered when designing future studies.
Praca dotyczy wpływu usytuowania budynku inwentarskiego względem stron świat na absorpcję energii słonecznej, szczególnie w okresach niskiej i wysokiej temperatury na zewnętrz. Punktem wyjścia było zróżnicowanie przestrzenne w dystrybucji promieniowania słonecznego w Polsce. Wykorzystano metodykę wyznaczania zysków ciepła od promieniowania słonecznego zgodnie z normą PN-EN 13790. Obliczenia wykonano dla teoretycznego budynku chlewni dla czterech wariantów usytuowania rozpatrywanego budynku względem stron świata w osiach N–S, W–E, NW–SE oraz NE–SW. Przyjęto teoretyczne lokalizacje budynku w trzech strefach klimatycznych Polski: w strefie II reprezentowanej przez Poznań, w strefie III (Warszawa i Jelenia Góra) oraz w strefie IV (Białystok). Uzyskane wyniki nie potwierdziły w pełni trafności powszechnie stosowanej zasady sytuowania budynku w osi N–S. Niemniej jednak od kwietnia do września jest to lokalizacja rzeczywiście korzystna w niektórych strefa klimatycznych kraju (strefy II i IV). W okresach niskiej temperatury najbardziej optymalne jest usytuowanie w osiach W–E (strefy II, III i IV) oraz NW–SE dla strefy II.
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