microRNAs regulate all the cellular processes, and are strongly involved in differentiation of stem cells. Disturbances in the regulation of microRNAs expression and activity may deviate the stem cells fate, impairing their differentiation and contributing to diseases initiation or progression. In this talk the role of microRNAs in certain neurological conditions will be discussed.
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are series of transcripts with important biological functions. Various diseases have been associated with aberrant expression of lncRNAs and the related dysregulation of mRNAs. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms of dynamic lncRNA expression. The chromatin state contributes to the low and specific expression of lncRNAs. The transcription of non-coding RNA genes is regulated by many core transcription factors applied to protein-coding genes. However, specific DNA sequences may allow their unsynchronized transcription with their location-associated mRNAs. Additionally, there are multiple mechanisms involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of lncRNAs. Among these, microRNAs might have indispensible regulatory effects on lncRNAs, based on recent discoveries.