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Selen w zywieniu zwierzat

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The article deals with the biochemical and physiological role of selenium in animal nutrition. It is pointed, that Se is not only an antioxydation factor, but it is also a component of selenoproteins. Moreover, it protects organism from the toxicity as well as from the cumulation of heavy metals; it displays immunomodulative activity, prevents animal infertility and even displays antiviral activity.
Glucocorticoids play an important role in general growth and the maintenance of bone mass in the skeleton. Steroid therapy induces bone loss and influences the transcription of some regulatory factors determining the ratio of bone turnover. Glucocorticoids increase bone resorption and decrease bone formation which leads to diminishing bone mass and bone mineral density. Osteoporosis is globally one of the most common metabolic bone diseases, and has increasingly been recognized as being a major public health issue. Glucocorticoids increase the risk of rib and limb bone fractures by modifying and decreasing bone quality. Glucocorticoids are very often used as anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs for serious rheumatoid arthritis and other systemic diseases in large groups of young children, and Glucocorticoids therapy is also used for children and youth having asthma as well as being administered during pregnancy in order to improve lung morphology in premature fetuses. No glucocorticoid drugs which would act without negative side effects are currently available. This review presents the mechanisms of glucocorticoid action based on the latest research and newest factors controlling bone remodeling such as osteoprotegerin and osteoprotegerin-ligands.
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of disturbed lipid metabolism in dairy cows on the functional condition of the liver. The laboratory investigations have been performed on 48 black-white breed cows divided into four groups: 4 and 2 weeks before parturitation and 1-2 and 5 weeks after delivery. In spite of the markers of fat metabolism (NEFA, TG and total cholesterol), it has been possible to determine the activity of GGTP, LDH and AspAT. The results indicate an impairment in the liver function during disturbed lipid metabolism in cows. The changes had a subclinical character and were more pronounced after parturitation. The activity of hepatic enzymes, particularly GGTP, in useful for diagnosis of subclinical disturbances of liver functions in the course of lipid metabolism disturbances. The enzyme activity should be analysed together with fat metabolism markers mainly with a concentration of NEFA.
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