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Zaburzenia hemostazy w malarii

100%
Clinically significant bleeding is relatively uncommon in malaria and occurs in approximately 5% of patients. Severe haemostatic abnormalities are of complex origin and are manifested in thrombocytopenia, decreased activity of coagulation factors and symptoms of vascular diathesis. In 10% of patients with cerebral malaria disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) has been demonstrated. DIC is relatively common in patients from western countries with „imported malaria". In our article the aspect of haemostatic disorders in malaria has been discussed.
To assess the validity of different clinical criteria in malaria patients, a small study including 92 children presented with fever or history of fever were examined in a highly endemic area of Papua New Gwinea. In 21 children parasitaemia was confirmed by microscopy examination of thick and thin smear stained with Giemsa method (9 cases of Plasmodium falciparum, 8 cases of Plasmodium vivax and 4 cases of mixed invasion Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax). Only 4 from different 39 criteria analyzed in children with bistory of fever or hot skin showed significant association with parasitaemia (conscious disturbances, severe wasting enlarged spleen and diarrhoea), however none of the criteria presented high sensitivity and could serve as good predictors for parasitaemia accept two (first and second one). These findings help to realize the importance of laboratory examination in diagnosis of malaria and explain difficulties in confirming or exclusion of malaria where microscopy is not available.
Prompt and accurate diagnosis is necessary to start adequate treatment for different affecting species including P. falciparum and P. vivax. Here we described the Wondfo Rapid diagnostic Kit (Pf-HRP2/PAN-pLDH) for the detection of P. falciparum and pan-plasmodium in patient specimen by using a nano-gold immunochromatographic assay. Our rapid assay adapted nano-gold labeling techniques and the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against both histidine rich protein-2 (Pf HRP-2) of P. falciparum and pan plasmodium-specific pLDH (pan pLDH). The established two-antibody sandwich immunochromatographic assay could detect P. falciparum and pan-plasmodium. The sensitivity and specificity of Wondfo rapid diagnostic kit were determined by comparing with the “gold standard” of microscopic examination of blood smears. In this study1023 blood samples were collected from outpatient clinics in China and Burma, and detected by both Wondfo kit and microscopic examination. The detection sensitivity and specificity of Wondfo rapid diagnostic kit were 96.46% and 99.67% for P. falciparum (HRP2), 95.03% and 99.24% for pLDH, 96.83% and 99.74% for non-falciparum species, 96.70% and 99.74% for P. vivax, respectively. These results indicate that Wondfo rapid diagnostic assay may be useful for detecting P. falciparum and non-P. falciparum (especially P.v.) in patient specimen.
Plasmodium chabaudi, a rodent malaria parasite with a synchronous asexual cycle in the blood, depending on the host’s circadian rhythm, was desynchronized by modifying its normal timing: blood taken from a donor mouse in the morning was kept 8 h at +4°C and inoculated in the evening into naive mice. When the infection had become asynchronous (from day 4 to day 7) mice were treated with a single dose of chloroquine. The efficacy of chloroquine was lower in mice with an asynchronous infection than in the control mice with a normally synchronous infection.
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Zimnica wspolistniejaca z zakazeniem HIV

63%
The coexistence of malaria and HIV infection beyond inhabitants of sub-Saharan Africa, South America and South-East Asia arises a question whether there is an interaction between these two infections. This problem is extremely important in relation to pregnant women because of possibility of mother to child transmission. The available options are reviewed in the paper.
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