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Zasoby genowe są przechowywane w postaci roślin in vitro w warunkach spowolnionego wzrostu. Metoda ta polega na zapewnieniu tkance roślinnej minimalnych warunków do wzrostu, tak aby maksymalnie ograniczyć jej starzenie się. Stosuje się pożywki o określonym składzie, obniża temperaturę hodowli do 6-10oC i zmniejsza intensywność światła do ok. 4-6 W/m2. Dodanie do pożywki Murashige- -Skooga (MS) inhibitorów wzrostu, np. kwasu abscysynowego (ABA) albo związków o charakterze osmoticum, np. D-Mannit, wydłuża czas przechowywania zasobów nawet do 5-6 lat bez konieczności przeszczepiania na świeżą pożywkę (ok. 30% zasobów).
The aim of these studies was to analyse the genetic changes induced by natural aging during long-term seed storage of rye. For this purpose, the AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) technique was applied. In the experiment, DNA variation was demonstrated in seven-day-old seedlings of four seed samples of cv. Dankowskie Zlote, showing different levels of viability following long-term storage. Among the 362 AFLP fragments analysed, 73 had significantly different frequencies in at least one of the series. Principle Coordinate Analysis (PCA) based on molecular data revealed differences between the progenies of naturally aged seed samples with variable initial viability. It was clearly shown that materials with low viability differed in structure from highly viable ones, and that the population changes exhibited in the first case are preserved through regenerations. Although changes that were observed for initially viable samples were not so significant, they still occurred - probably as a result of genetic shift.
A set of 14 aggressive Phythophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary isolates with a wide range of virulence, was stored for eight years (2002-2010) in liquid nitrogen at -196°C (209 samples) and under paraffin oil at 7°C (70 test tubes). The survival rate of samples stored in liquid nitrogen was scored as 88%, 45 days after thawing. The revived isolates were passaged through potato tissues four times and tested for virulence on a set of 11 Black’s differentials. The mean number of virulence factors per isolate, of these P. infestans isolates evaluated before storage, was 7.4. The isolates stored in liquid nitrogen and under paraffin oil and passaged four times through potato tissues showed a similar mean number of virulence factors per isolate, 7.3 and 6.9, respectively. Isolates stored under paraffin oil showed no expression of factor avr5, but expression of this factor occurred in six isolates after liquid nitrogen treatment. The initial expression of this factor occurred in four isolates. Before storage, the average aggressiveness of the tested isolates was assessed as 1.7, on a 1-9 scale, where 1 means the most aggressive. After storage and after four subsequent passages through potato tissues, the mean aggressiveness of isolates stored in liquid nitrogen and under paraffin oil reached the level of 1.5 and 2.1, respectively. The mean aggressiveness was not significantly different from the level of initial assessment.
In the Forest Gene Bank cold stores, both long-term and strategic gene resources are stored to be used during periods of poor seed production. Beech seeds of the following harvests were evaluated: 1995, 1998 and 2000. Quality of seeds was determined with different methods from the date of reception to FGB through preparation for long-term storage, storage in cold stores and the presowing treatment. The usefulness of staining tests for rapid evaluation of beech seed viability is not sufficiently sure. The floating test in water significantly improves the level of seed purity. The current method of seed drying does not remain without influence upon beech seeds and causes a slight decrease of viability. Next to beech seed lots of rapidly declining quality in the FGB are stored seed lots whose viability does not decrease during identical technological processes. Seed lots of low initial viability should be eliminated.
The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of freezing and long-term frozen storage on total phenolic, total anthocyanin contents and antioxidant activity of highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). In addition, a HPLC method was developed for the determination of individual anthocyanins and chlorogenic acid contents. Blueberries were frozen at –18°C and –35°C and were stored at these temperature conditions for six months. Derivatives of malvidin and delphinidin accounted for 61% and 22% of total anthocyanin contents in fruit, respectively. Measurements of the antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds contents of blueberries showed there were no significant differences between fresh and frozen fruits. Also, at the end of frozen storage period, antioxidant activity remained significantly unchanged compared with the values measured just after the freezing process
Shallot is one of the vegetables, which are especially abounding in flavonoids, phenolic acids and other compounds with antioxidative properties. Among Allium vegetables it is also distinguished with good storage ability. The studies conducted in the years 2007–2009 included the assessment of dry matter, flavonoids and phenolic acid contents in shallot bulbs immediately after harvest and drying off, as well as after long-term storage (5 months in the temperature 0–1°C and humidity of 86%). The studies concerned 3 cultivars of shallot: ‘Ambition F1’, ‘Bonilla F1’ and ‘Matador F1’. The bulbs of these cultivars were obtained from seedlings planting. For chemical analyses bulb samples with the diameter of 25–30 mm were selected, as such constituted the greatest participation in the obtained yield. The contents of total and reducing sugars, flavonoids (converted into quercetin), as well as phenolic acids (converted into coffeic acid) were determined in fleshy scales, whereas in dry scales only the contents of flavonoids and phenolic acids were determined. The dry matter of fleshy scales in the examined shallot cultivars was on average 16.65%. From among three examined cultivars the bulbs of ‘Bonilla F1’had significantly greater dry matter (18.03% on average). The contents of total sugars in shallot bulbs was on average 6.32% immediately after harvest and 5.71% after 5 months of storage. Similarly as in the case of dry matter, the bulbs of ‘Bonilla F1’ cultivar turned out to be the most abounding both in total and reducing sugars. The examined cultivars significantly differed in the contents of flavonoids and phenolic acids both in dry and fleshy scales. In all the cultivars the dry scales contained more than 50 times more flavonoids and more than 34 times more phenolic acids, as compared with fleshy scales. Long-term storage of shallot bulbs significantly affected the decrease of flavonoid contents, slight decrease of total sugars, but a significant increase of phenolic acids. From among the examined cultivars ‘Ambition F1’ was characterized with the lowest contents of all the analyzed components.
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