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This work concerns the influence of temperature, the presence (lack of oxygen and different carbohydrates) on solubilization of tribasic calcium phosphate, iron phosphate and Thomas basic slag in samples of bottom sediments of gyttja, sapropel, "dy" and tyrfopel types from lakes of different trophic lakes of the Mazurian Lake District. In samples of 4 types of bottom sediments more PO4-P from phosphate compounds gathered at 25° C than at lower temperatures in situ in lakes; besides, there were more in anaerobic conditions than in aerobic ones, in bottom sediments samples with Ca3(P04)2 more PO4-P gathered at pH 4-5, in samples with FeP04 at pH 5-6, in samples with Thomas basic slag at pH 4-6. More PO4-P was in samples of bottom sediments with addition of glucose, saccharose, mannose and arabinose, less with the addition of xylose and cellobiose independently from used phosphate compounds. Greater amounts of PO4-P gathered in the samples of bottom sediments of gyttja and sapropel types, lower in the samples of "dy" and tyrfopel types. In all series of the experiments the highest amounts of P04-P gathered in a logarythmic phase of the development of natural population of bacteria.
Studies were carried out on the utilization of various carbohydrates by planktonie bacteria isolated from the estuarine lakes Łebsko, Gardno and Jamno. The most actively utilized carbohydrates were glucose, fructose, lactose and saccharose; the least active was rhamnose. Pronounced seasonal variability in the utilization of carbohydrates was found. However, no significant differences were found at the particular research stations.
Comparison was made of effective and estimated loads of phosphorus and nitrogen coming from the catchment area to Lake Wadąg. It was concluded that the effective loads of phosphorus based on direct measurements were much similar to values obtained from the estimation method covering only diffused pollution sources. This seems to point out that external loads to lakes calculated as unit run-off of nutrients from dispersed, non-point (diffused) and point sources are too high (at least in the conditions of Pojezierze Olsztyńskie). Big discrepancies in run-off regarding effective nitrogen loads imply that the estimated values should be treated rather critically.
This report presents results of four-year studies of bacterial production and biomass, and selected environmental variables (concentrations of total DOC, microbiologically labile DOC, chlorophylla) in surface pelagic waters of four Mazurian lakes of differing trophic status (oligo/mesotrophic, eutrophic, hypereutrophic, polihumic) during summer stratification periods 1994-97. Bacterial production and biomass were positively proportional to the degree of lake water eutrophication. The rates of production of bacteria and their biomass turnover were primarily dependent on concentrations of microbiologically labile organic substrates in the DOC pool. In lakes with high content of suspended particulate detritus (hypereutrophic and polihumic lakes) attached bacteria significantly predominated in total bacterial production. Importance of the "bottom-up" and "top-down" mechanisms in ecological regulation of bacterial production and biomass in the studied lakes is widely discussed.
The work reported in this paper deals with the content of trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in bottom sediments of Goreckie Lake, situated in Wielkopolski National Park, Western Poland. Apart from total concentration, the distribution of the above metals into five fractions: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, bound to Fe-Mn oxides, bound to organic matter, and residual was studied by means of an analytical procedure involving sequential chemical extractions.
A study of fish fauna in a small hypertrophic lake was conducted in the spring, summer, and autumn of 2006-10. In total 11 fish species representing 4 families were found. The species richness was low, depending on the season, and ranged from 2 to 7 species. A variation of species dominance, depending on the year and season, was found. Total fish abundance and biomass were varied according to the season, but differences depending on the year had been noted only in fish biomass. The fish fauna was characterized by low values in indices of diversity and the estimated turnover rate of the fauna ranged from 0.09 to 0.56, and the regression analysis showed a significant growth in its upward trend.
This study focused on site-specific preferences of potentially harmful cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata to occur in lakes with different ecological and trophic conditions. Its pelagic growth was studied in six lakes from June to September in 1986-1988, 2000-2001 and 2009. In total, 78 samples were taken from the epilimnion (stratified lakes) or the whole water column (non-stratified lakes). Analyses of phytoplankton and environmental variables were performed according to standard methods. During summer, a distinct maximum of the Gloeotrichia growth was observed in July or August (the warmest period). Bloom events of G. echinulata occurred in lakes where the light and oxygen conditions were significantly inferior while the phosphorus content remained on a slightly elevated level. The distinct domination of this cyanobacterium (above 40% of the total phytoplankton biomass) was limited to lakes with a high, moderate or even poor ecological status, and to the meso-eutrophic or eutrophic state of lakes. However, G. echinulata occurred in a broader range of ecological and trophic conditions of lakes. The historical approach to mass occurrence of G. echinulata, with its possible contribution to phosphorus translocation from sediment to the pelagic zone, suggested its importance as an indicator of progressive ecological and trophic deterioration of lakes. This indication should be very useful for establishment of main targets in water management.
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