Time activity patterns of wintering Mute Swans were studied over three seasons in and near Cracov using the focal bird sampling method. In the city the swans were fed by people, while outside the city the birds were not fed by people. Rural Mute Swans spent 48.1% of the daytime eating, while urban swans fed only 4.6% and begged 8.7% of the time. Urban birds spent more time swimming and loafing (28.3 and 36.1%, respectively) than rural birds (10.2 and 18.4%). The daily activity pattern for rural swans was generally bimodal with early morning and late afternoon peaks in feeding, and a mid-day resting period. In contrast, the swans in Cracov did not show any cycle in diurnal feeding activity. There were differences in the frequencies of aggressive behaviour between urban and rural swans. In the city aggression occurred much more often. The behaviour of urban swans during the night was very similar to nocturnal activities of rural swans. The activity pattern of swans wintering in Cracov is probably mainly due to adaptations to the feeding by people.