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The studies were conducted on lines developed from the following varieties: Marksman /М/, Arminda /А/, Liwilla /L/, Kr 118/78 /K/ and F₁ hybrids: M x A, M x L, M x K. A path coefficient analysis was performed to determine the direct and indirect effects of some yield components upon grain weight per ear. The analysis indicated that number of grain per ear, 1000 grain weight and plant height influenced most strongly grain weight per ear in lines and F₁ hybrids. Direct and indirect effects of most components of yield were about equal both in lines and F₁ hybrids.
Application of the method of analysis of main components aiming at recognition of phenotypic and genotypie divergence of several spring wheat varieties is presented in the paper. The analysis of main components was performed on three -year means for varieties and their GCA effects. Six traits / GCA effects/ or seven traits /phenotypic means/ concerning the grain yield per plant and components of the former were taken into consideration. Three first main components obtained for phenotypic means explain 86% of general variance of traits. In case of GCA effects two first main components explain over 87% of the general variance. The first main components for varietal means and GCA effects of the varieties tested discriminate them mainly in accordance with the two interrelated traits: number of stalks and number of ears per plant* The second main components determine discrimination in relation to the ear length. The Mephisto variety /FRG/ shows the greatest phenotypic and genotypie distance in relation to the remaining varieties. On the whole, a conformability between the results for varietal means and GCA effects has been found. In the light of the investigations as presented above the method of main components can be regarded as useful for investigations of divergence between genotypes.
Application of the method of tape recording in the analysis of work of active units of the ear-cutter model is presented in the paper. The magnetic tape recording technique has proved much better results when compared to rapid shot film. Moreover, the total cost of recording was very low in relation to high quality effects.
The investigations in the Triticale collection, which began in 1981, comprised materials gathered in the working collection. In further years materials from foreign collections and breeders were obtained. Field and laboratory estimation of some important agronomic traits which could be of use in the practical breeding, were performed on these materials. The results of 3-year investigations /1982-1984/ of such traits, as weight of grains per ear, 1000 grain weight and protein content, are discussed. There is a wide variability range of the traits under study, the calculated variability coefficients being for the protein content V = 12,2%, for 1000 grain weight V = 14,2%, for weight of grains per ear V = 28,0%. A negative correlation between the protein content on the one hand and the 1000 grain weight and the weight of grains per ear of the other has been proved. There is a significant interrelation for the pair of traits: 1000 grain weight - weight of grains per ear.
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