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The aim of the study was to show whether water soluble vitamins contained in fodder may influence the absorption of exogenous amino acids from entrails. Tests were done on live broiler chickens (aged 2-4 months) in which the small intestine was looped. The physiological liquid included amino acids such as: L-threonine, L-valine, L-methionine, L-lysine, L-histidine, L-phenylalanine, L-leucine, L-isoleucine as well as amino acids with water soluble vitamins: thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxine, nicotine acid, panthotenic acid, cholin, biotin, vitamin C and folic acid. The method of liquid chromatography before and 30 min after the flow through the loop was used to mark the concentration of amino acids in the perfusion liquid. The results of the study indicate a stimulatory effect of the vitamins on the absorption of amino acids in chickens. The influence on absorbing amino acids was highest when the water soluble vitamins were combined together in doses of 10 mg/l, 50 mg/l, 100 mg/l. A significant influence on the absorption of exogenous amino acids for threonine, valine, histidine and isoleucine observed after applying thiamin, riboflavin, cholin and biotin used in separated liquid. Changes in the absorption level of exogenous amino acids in relation to water soluble vitamins may have a stimulating influence on the development and growth in chickens.
Beside the variety of environmental and neurohormonal factors regulating the gastrointestinal function, microbes and parasites can also modulate this function. Their influences can be harmful, thus the gastrointestinal tract is equipped with numerous specific or unspecific defense mechanisms. While the gastric acid secretion in the stomach, gastrointestinal mucosal continuity, or some adaptation mechanisms are unspecific ones, the immunological gastrointestinal system comprises a cluster of specific defense mechanisms. The identification, binding and neutralization of the aforementioned antigens serves as its principal role. The immunological system is well developed in the gastrointestinal tract and might be understood as the main barrier protecting the organism against the infectious factors. The gastrointestinal immunological system is localized mainly in subepithelial space, where the lymphocytes and a substantial amount of immunoglobulin A are present. Secretory immunoglobulin A also occurs in the intestinal lumen and is able to block the adhesion of antigen proteins to intestinal epithelium. However, the portion of antigens passing the gut epithelium migrating into the subepithelial space where it is neutralized, at least in part, can spread over the body in at least three different pathways: to Peyer patches and then toward the mesenterical lymph nodes and finally to a lymph, directly to the lymphatic vessels of intestinal villus or to the mesenteric veins. In addition, the antigens evoke various immunological reactions. Gastrointestinal immunological processes can be amplified (sensitization) or hampered (tolerance). The nervous system can also participate in immunological reactions linked with the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, in the gastrointestinal tract and also in the nervous system exist clear relationships between their basic functions and immunological processes.
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