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The ultrasonographic picture of some ovarian structures in cattle during the oestrus cycle have been presented. Apart from ovarian interoestrum and ovulatory vesicles there was described the appearance of corpus luteum. There were presented also some more important possibilities of USG administration in th control of superovulation, diagnostics of ovarian cysts and corpora lutea with an internal vesicle.
No offspring have yet been obtained in horses either from oocytes collected from preantral follicles or other ones maturing in vitro. The available literature does not provide any detailed description of the ovary with respect to distribution and morphology of the ovarian follicles. The purpose of the study was to define the location and histomorphology of preantral follicles in the mare ovary in order to find if it is then possible to isolate and cultivate it. The investigations were carried out on some histological samples of longitudinal and transversal sections of mare ovaries which were collected from a 6-year-old anoestrus mare at 10 minutes after slaughter. From among 821 preantral follicles, wihich were located and evaluated, 567 came from transversal sections and 256 from the longitudinal ones. The preantral follicles were found in all parts of the ovary stroma. In a single histological preparation from a transversal section an average number of 70,5 preantral follicles were found and in a longitudinal one there were 84.7 preantral follicles the size of 35.2 and 45 µm, respectively. The follicles mostly occured singly (54.7%) or in groups of 2 to 7 (45.3%). Among all the preantral follicles 31.2% were defined as artretic, 30.6% were found in the group of the primordial ones and 63.6% in the secondary ones. The percentage of artretic follicles increased with the stage of follicular development. Isolation of the follicles from ovary, their culture and in vitro maturation still remains a problem. The present study indicates that samples collected from any part of the ovarian stroma can be used for this purpose.
The development of the yellow body and ovarial vesicles was evaluated in 20 cows during an entire oestrus cycle (group II, n = 9) and an oestrus ended by pregnancy (group I, n = 11) using a linear ultrasonograph (5 MHz). The investigations were performed on the first day of oestrus and then on the 5, 12 and 18 day after oestrus. The maximum diameter of the yellow body was noted on the 12th day of the oestrus cycle. At the same time (depending on the phase of oestrus) 25 (40%) of the yellow bodies possessed a vesicle situated internally. This phenomenon did not affect either the length of oestrus or the effects of insemination. At the same time in the group of pregnant cows the size of the yellow body with a vesicle was on the 12th day significantly larger than in group II (p < 0,05). A large vesicle was observed with a similar frequency in both groups of cows in 30, 50 and 75% of the animals on the 5, 12 and 18 day of the cycle, respectively. The large size of the vesicle observed on the 5th day of oestrus suggests that it is a vesicle which dominates the first period of growth of the ovarial vesicles.
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