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Intestinal parasitic diseases in Gaza Strip are a significant health problem. The main aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of parasitic infection among patients in the five governorates of the Gaza Strip. A crosssectional parasitological survey was conducted on 600 patients. Stool specimens were examined microscopically for the presence of parasite eggs or larvae/cysts per wet amount by the saline iodine and formol-ether concentration method. Of 600 subjects examined, 245 (40.8%) were infected with one or more intestinal parasites. Entamoeba histolytica/dispar and Giardia lamblia were the most prevalent parasites amongst the population (28.8%), (9.5%). Female patients demonstrated a higher prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections (42.7%) than males (39.0%). However, this difference was not significant (p>0.05). According to occupation, the rate of infection was highest among farmers (56.0%), followed by employers (44.2%) with laborers showing the lowest rate (30.17%). These differences in occupational prevalence were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). The present study demonstrates that intestinal protozoan infections are still a public health problem in the Gaza strip, with Entamoeba and Giardia infections being most common. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective prevention and control strategies, including health education and environmental sanitation improvement.
Echinoparyphium species are common, widely distributed intestinal parasites causing disease in animals worldwide. Intermediate hosts include snails, bivalves, and fish, whereas the definitive hosts are mainly birds and mammals. This review examines the significant literature on Echinoparyphium. Descriptive studies, life cycle, experimental and manipulative studies, and biochemical and molecular studies are presented. The influence of environmental factors, and toxic pollutants, are reviewed as well as studies on the pathology of Echinoparyphium.
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of infection with gastrointestinal parasites in Polish Konik horses from Poland and those imported from the Netherlands. The prevalence and rate of infection was determined based on coproscopic examination using Willis-Schlaf and Mc-Master methods. Faecal samples were tested for the presence of Cryptosporidium sp. using a modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining method. Mean prevalence of infection with gastrointestinal parasites in Polish Koniks imported from the Netherlands and those from Poland was 100%. Imported horses were found to harbour nematodes of the family Strongylidae (89.47%) and Cyathostominae (94.74%) as well as Parascaris equorum (5.26%) roundworms. Domestic Polish Koniks were found to harbour Strongylidae (100%) and Cyathostominae (100%) nematodes as well as Cryptosporidium sp. protozoa (2.27%). Domestic horses were more infected with Cyathostominae (865 EPG) and Strongylidae (731 EPG) than horses imported from the Netherlands (739 and 600 EPG, respectively). The study demonstrated that Polish Koniks from Poland and those imported from the Netherlands should be monitored parasitologically because endoparasites may create a major epizootiological problem when these animals are kept in an organic production system.
Acalculous cholecystitis and cholangitis are increasingly being recognized as complications of AIDS. The opportunistic parasites that have been most commonly associated with these disorders are Cryptosporidium species, Isospora belli, Cyclospora cayetanensis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi. The authors performed a parasitological survey on the gallbladder tissue sections of patients underwent cholecystectomy due to chronic acalculous cholecystitis at the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Light microscopic investigation in more than three hundred archived histopathological slides revealed the presence of sexual stages (i.e., mature sporocysts) of a coccidial protozoan in a patient with AIDS who developed acalculous cholecystitis as confirmed by histological, parasitological and molecular tests in which Sarcocystis species was the only identifiable pathogen in gallbladder sections. In the best of our knowledge it’s the first documented case of chronic non-calculous cholecystitis due to Sarcocystis parasite in an Iranian AIDS patient from worldwide.
The scolex of the bothriocephalidean cestode Clestobothrium crassiceps was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The comparative results of various fixation procedures and techniques are presented. The scolex of C. crassiceps is oval to globular and exhibits two deep bothria which appear in the form of two lobes separated by a longitudinal groove. At the apex of the scolex, resembling a beret, an apical disc is present (oval, flattened and with a sinuous edge). Our results are compared with those previously reported in other species of Clestobothrium. This study represents the first report which highlights the presence of an apical disc in the scolex of C. crassiceps. It describes the effects of different procedures applied to our material during preparation and a comparative analysis results obtained using these various methods.
The mature Paroniella reynoldsae spermatozoon exhibits an apical cone of electron-dense material about 2.2 µm long and 0.65 µm wide at its base and two helicoidal crest-like bodies roughly 100 to 150 nra thick. The latter are of different lengths, spiralled and make an angle of about 45° with the spermatozoon axis. The axoneme is of the 9 + '1' trepaxonematan pattern and does not reach the posterior extremity of the gamete. The nucleus is an electron-dense cord 0.25 µm thick coiled in a spiral around the axoneme. The cytoplasm exhibits a posterior densification and contains few small electron-dense granules in regions I, II and V of the spermatozoon. In regions III and IV, it is divided into irregular compartments by walls of electron-dense material. The cortical microtubules are spiralled at an angle of about 45°. The presence of an electron-lucent apical cone containing numerous small granules of electron-dense material has never, to our knowledge, been reported in a cestode. Likewise, a crest-like body forming a terminal spot of electron-dense material located in the prolongation of the apical cone has never been described before in a cestode. Moreover, in this study, we try to show the existence of tight reciprocal phylogenetic relationships between genera within the Davaineidae and the Anoplocephalidae.
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