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Badania nad efektywnością ekonomiczną zastosowanych pestycydów w pszenicy ozimej w latach 2007-2008 wykonano w Boguchwale. Średnie porażenie powierzchni liści przez choroby pszenicy wyniosło odpowiednio 85,2 i 75,8%, a uszkodzenie przez szkodniki - 34,3%. Skuteczność zastosowanych środków grzybobójczych wyniosła od 17,4 do 89,9%, a insektycydów od 73,4 do 90,4%. Nadwyżka produkcji wahała się od 217 do 1393 PLN·ha-1. Wskaźnik pokrycia kosztów wyniósł od 1,4 do 5,1, a wskaźnik opłacalności zabiegów od 1,0 do 7.4. Procentowy wskaźnik kosztów wahał się od 1,1 do 7,4.
The research on results of chemical control of thrips (Thysanoptera) took place in Krzeczowice near Przeworsk in 2008–2009. The seed dressings used were: Gaucho 600 FS (imidacloprid), Mesurol 500 FS (methiocarb) and Poncho 600 FS (clothianidin). They effectively protected maize plants against thrips feeding for a period of about 10 weeks from sowing. Chemical control of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.), performed in the first and second decade of July using formulations Karate Zeon 050 CS (lambda-cyhalothrin) and Proteus 110 OD (thiacloprid + deltamethrin), also effectively limited the number of thrips in the period of their mass occurrence. The highest effectiveness was observed following two applications of tested insecticides.
Responses (knock-down and mortality) of large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis L.) beetles to insecticides of different mechanism of action such as neonicotinoids (clotianidin, acetamiprid) acting on nicotinic receptors of acetylcholine (ACh), pyrethroids (deltamethrin, α-cypermethrin) blocking sodium channels in nerve cell membranes, organophosphates (chlorpiryfos) and carbamates (carbosulfan) both inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and fenylpirazoles (fipronil) interfering with γ-butyric acid (GABA) receptors were studied. Taking into account speed of insect decay the order of examined groups of substances may be established as follows: first place is occupied by insecticides interferring with GABA receptors, second place by insecticides blocking AChE activity, and third place in parallel insecticides blocking sodium channels and those acting on nicotinic receptors of ACh.
The studies on a population and economic effectiveness of insecticides in control of aphids in spring barley were conducted in Boguchwała in the years 2010–2012. The aphid population reached its maximum in the third decade of May or the first half of June, at the flag leaf stage (BBCH 37–41) in the spring barley. In 2012, the aphids were very numerous, reaching an average number of 10.5 individuals per stalk in spring barley. In 2011–2012, all formulations used in the experiments were characterised by a high effectiveness in aphids control in the spring barley. The increase in the barley yield ranged from 4.0 to 9.6 dt/ha. The value of saved barley yield ranged from 304 to 799 PLN per ha. The contribution ratio ranged from 3.4 to 9.1, 6.6 on average. The profitability ratio for barley treatment was 1.1. The percentage cost ratio ranged from 1.5 to 1.6.
The research on the biological and economic effectiveness of the application insecticides in controlling of cereal leaf beetles larvae in triticale was carried out in 2008–2009. The Talstar 100 EC, Karate Zeon 050 CS and Cyperkill Super 25 EC pesticides appeared most effective in the studies on chemical control of leaf beetle larvae. The chemical control of leaf beetle larvae caused the increase triticale grain yield, ranging from 3.6 dt/ha to 6.9 dt/ha, i.e. 5.5 dt/ha on average. The defrayal index ranged from 1.7 do 5.2, while index of profitability ranged from 1.1 to 3.0. The average per cent cost coefficient was 2.4.
Results of studies on the efficacy of selected insecticides against Strobilomyia lariciola (Karl) in seed orchard of Larix decidua Mill. in the Brzeziny Forest District (Forest Region of Łódź) during 2001-2002 are presented. Chemical treatments were carried out using the ground spraying equipment, and the water emulsions of the following preparations were applied; Karate 025 EC 0,3%, Bi-58 Nowy 1%, Owadofos 540 EC 0.15%, Marshal 250 EC 1% and Dimilin 25 WP 0.4%. The effectiveness of treatments was evaluated on the basis of the analysis of the ripening and ripe cones collected in individual sections of seed orchard. From among the tested preparations Karate 025 EC showed the best efficacy. Monitoring of S. laricicola using so called visual traps should be carried out prior to its chemical control.
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