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Permeability of the intestine to ⁵¹Cr-EDTA administered intragastrically was assessed in mice infected with Trichinella spiralis, in gerbils infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis and in rabbits infected with Obeliscoides cuniculi. The results showed that, compared with the worm-free control animals, there was a significant increase in the recovery of ⁵¹Cr-EDTA in the urine five hours after the administration of the ⁵¹Cr-EDTA in all infected animals, about six times more in mice, ten times more in gerbils, and five times more in rabbits. Increased gut permeability appeared to be associated with changes in the mucosal surface of the gut, directly related to the action of the worms on the epithelium.
On the basis of the faecal examination and necropsies, prevalence of infection, number of species and egg counts (EPG) were estimated. A comparison of EPG of ewes and their lambs showed, that of the group of lambs with the lowest EPG, 25% were from resistant mothers while in the group with the highest EPG - 31.25%
Five sheep were experimentally infected with bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV). All animals seroconverted to BIV p26 core protein by 6 weeks after inoculation and developed persistent lymphocytosis. Proviral DNA has been continually detected only in one sheep and temporarily present in other two animals. All attempts to rescue the BIV from peripheral blood leukocytes of uninfected sheep have failed during experiment. The established model of bovine lentivirus infection in sheep provides valuable data to examine the pathogenesis of BIV and related retroviral infections.
The effect was studied of the M. expansa homogenate administered with Freund’s complete adjuvant and Propionibacterium granulosum - on the humoral response of lambs spontaneously infected with Moniezia sp. Statistically significant increase in precipitating, complement fixing and haemagglutinating antibodies was observed in lambs immunized with homogenate injected with Freund’s adjuvant. Limitation of prevalence of infection observed in immunized animals was not statistically significant.
In this study the sequences of the long terminal repeat (LTR) of field isolates of the bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) were analysed. These isolates came from emerging cases of BLV infection in cattle from herds having BLV-free status. We found several sequence variations within regulatory motifs in the LTRs like GRE, DAS and interferon binding site. These mutations can possibly affect transcriptional activity of the virus, leading to its silencing.
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Molecular diagnostics of Sarcocystis spp. infections

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Protozoa of the genus Sarcocystis (phylum Apicomplexa, family Sarcocystidae) is one of the most common parasites affecting animals. Interspecies diagnostic of Sarcocystis genus was based on electron microscopy for many years. Because of absence of visible differences between species with reachable magnifications, light microscopy is useless. In many cases serological diagnostic method have lack of sensitivity. A variety of molecular methods have been developed and used to detect and identify Sarcocystis spp. and to assess the genetic diversity among this protozoan from different population/hosts. Nowadays, molecular diagnostic is the common, time/cost effective method used all over the world to interspecies differentiation.
We have investigated a stable assemblage of 6 species of Eimeria in the intestine of the Wyoming ground squirrel consisting of three abundant species (E. beecheyi, E. callospermophili and E. morainensis) and three rare species E. larimerensis, E. bilamellata and E. spermophili). To test the hypothesis that no interactions occur among these parasite species, five squirrels were inoculated with 12,500 oocysts consisting of 1 E. larimerensis, 10 E. bilamellata, 22 E. beecheyi and 67 % E. callospermophili. The proportion of each species in the output was quite different: 41 E. larimerensis, 5 E. beecheyi, 0 E. bilamellata and 54% E. callospermophili. When the same squirrels were reinoculated with 10,000 oocysts of 85 E. larimerensis, 7 E. beecheyi and 8% E. callospermophili, the output was 9 E. larimerensis, 13 E. beecheyi and 78% E. callospermophili. In the initial infections, the intrinsic rate of increase (r) for E. larimerensis was considerably higher than that of E. beecheyi or E. callospermophili. During the reinfections, (r) for E. larimerensis was significantly lower and for E. beecheyi and E. callospermophili significantly higher than initial values. Although E. larimerensis appears to have initially compromised the reproductive potential of its congenerics, acquired host immunity may have caused its reduced reproductive potential in the second trial.
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