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Pollen viability was tested in two hybrid swarm populations of Pinus mugo and P. sylvestris in northern Slovakia and in control populations of the parental species. It was significantly reduced in hybrid populations, as evidenced by average germination percentages ranging from 49.0% and 61.53% and by pollen tube length averaging 74.54-86.47 µm. The corresponding values in the control populations were 78.38-88.5% and 102.92-152.84 µm, respectively. The frequency of microsporogenesis disturbances at the tetrad and mature pollen stages was higher in hybrid swarms than in the control population of P. sylvestris. Based on in vitro germination data, the amount of sterile pollen was estimated at 40-41% in hybrid swarm populations, 12% in P. sylvestris, and 21% in P. mugo.
We analysed the essential oils of cultivated material of Thymus xtoletanus Ladero and its parents, Th. mastichina (L.) L. and Th. villosus subsp. lusitanicus (Boiss.) Coutinho, with seeds from the same locality in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula. The essential oil of Th. xtoletanus, which had not been analyzed previously, presented 1,8-cineole as the major component (25.5%), as was also the case for Th. mastichina (76.1%). Other components with a major presence in Th. xtoletanus and Th. villosus subsp. lusitanicus were [(Z)-β-ocimene (8.1%); camphor (4.5%); sabinene (3.2%); α-pinene (2.8%)], and [(Z)-β-ocimene (4.1%), camphor (9.8%), sabinene (2.8%), α-pinene (7.1%)], respectively. However, in the hybrid the components β-phelandrene (14.5%), limonene (6.9%), (E)-γ-bisabolene (3.5%), and viridiflorol (3.3%) stood out, inter alia, whereas their presence in the parents was limited. The study confirms the hybrid origin of Th. xtoletanus as intermediate between Th. mastichina and Th. villosus subsp. lusitanicus.
Abies fraseri (FF) is a North American conifer which is crucial for growers of Christmas trees. This species suffers 100% mortality after infection of root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi. The hybrid material A. cilicica × A. cephalonica (CZ) and A. koreana × (A. cilicica × A. cephalonica) was utilized as mother trees for applications of Abies fraseri pollen. In addition to resistance to fungal disease, a long-term monitoring of growth of young seedlings along with the impact of artificial crossing on morphology of the progeny is covered. Except for increased resistance, some offspring has also exhibited a remarkable heterosis effect at younger age and different growth habit and different shape of their needles. All this may offer in the future a wide range of applications, both for crops under strong anthropogenic pressure with changing climatic conditions and for crops grown for production of Christmas trees and outstanding ornamental cultivars. Annual crossing success was determined in present study using X-ray imaging. The most successful combinations in 2012 were those of CZ1 × FF25 and CZ1 × FF76 with 7% of full seeds, followed by CZ2 × FF25 with 6% and CZ2 × FF31 with 4% of the full seeds. The evaluation of young seedlings from control crossing in 2007 highlighted significant accented height growth of complicated hybrid (A. koreana × (A. cilicica × A. cephalonica)) × FF PC. Morphology of needles showed variability in their length as compared with the needle width which was found to be less appropriate characteristic for distinguishing between different combinations.
The aim of this study was to determine the association between polymorphism located in exon 8 of PPARGC1A gene (Cys430Ser) and carcass quality in pigs. Experiment was carried out on 350 PIC hybrid fatteners. Polymorphism was analyzed using PCR-RFLP method. The frequency of genotypes was as follows: AA – 0.33, AT – 0.57, TT – 0.1, however alleles: A – 0.62, T – 0.38. In the analyzed population loss of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed (P ≤ 0.01). Statistical analysis showed that only one of the evaluated traits was associated with individual PPARGC1A genotypes. Cooling loss value for pig carcasses with TT genotype was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) higher than observed in those with AA and AT genotypes.
The assessed milk was derived from cows of Jersey breed and their crosses. Milk technological usefulness was determined on the basis of experimental production of cottage cheese using two methods of production: acid-rennin and acid.
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