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Trans isomers of fatty acids may be formed during industrial fat and oil processing and naturally during biohydrogenation by rumen microorganisms in the ruminants. The aim of our study was to determine fatty acid level, particularly trans isomers of fatty acids in randomly selected 32 samples of infant formulae and follow-up formulae in 2009 in Poland. The fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were analyzed by high-resolution capillary gas chromatography (GC/MS). The average content of trans fatty acids (TFA) amounted to 0.25% wtlwt (range 0.17-0.33% wt/wt) in infant formulae and 0.28% wtlwt (0.18-0.40% wtlwt) in follow-up formulae. There was no significant difference between trans fatty acids content in infant formulae and follow-up formulae. In TFA group the main fatty acid was trans 18:2 making up over a half of all trans isomers in both of formulae and next trans 18:3 (over 30%). The high level of above-mentioned trans isomers is pointing out on presence, mainly, vegetable oils in fat fraction of infant formulae milks. In conclusion, the trans fatty acid level in all analyzed products do not exceed 0.4% of fat so we confirm that they are safe for infants, who are not breastfed.
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Proper nutrition is a decisive factor of growth and development of a young organism. It has also a major impact on athletic performance. The aim of this paper is to discuss the basic principles of nutrition in sports training and health training. The size, composition and times of meals may have a huge impact on sports performance. Good dietary practices allow athletes to train hard, regenerate quickly, adapt better, while reducing the risk of illness and injury. Athletes should use appropriate nutritional strategies before and after their performances, so as to achieve the best results. They should pay special attention to the amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals in their food:, as well as the amount of consumed fluids.
Background. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) manifests itself with various symptoms, therefore it interests representatives of many medical specializations: general practitioners, gynecologists, endocrinologists, dermatologists, cardiologists and those who deal with metabolic disorders, such as dieticians. Objective. The aim of this study was perform the qualitative assessment of components of diets of women with PCOS as one of the major factor contributing to the disease. Material and Methods. The study was performed on 54 women of childbearing age with PCOS diagnosed according to on the Rotterdam criteria. Qualitative assessment of the diets on the basis of 216 menus was performed based on the analysis of 3-day food diaries and food records taken from the last 24-hour dietary interview. Diets quality assessment was made using three types of point tests: Szewczyński’s Diets’ classification (SDC), Bielińska’s Test with Kulesza’s modification (BTK), Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI). Results. Average waist-hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI) was above the standard 0.91± 0.08 and 29.16 ± 5.8 kg/m2. Qualitative analysis performed with point tests SDC, BT-K and HDI revealed that the majority of the diets were composed inappropriately, containing many mistakes. Statistically significant correlations (Pearson’s) were determined between HDI test and the body weight and BMI. When analyzing the type of the meals also the correlations (Spearman’s) between BMI and BMI category in BT-K test. Conclusions. Mistakes in diets of women with PCOS are the cause of metabolic disorders related to improper function of ovaries. Native test BT-K seems to be a better method then test SDC and probably HDI of assessing diet in women with PCOS from Poland.
Sweeteners such as disaccharides, mannitol, lactitol, sorbitol, xylitol and many others are either purchased by consumers separately or they are added to highly processed food products. These substances can be used in pastry, cakes, beverages and dairy products. The aim of the study was to analyse the application of selected types of sweeteners by Polish consumers. The research was conducted in 2016 and the respondents were interviewed using questionnaires. Almost half (45%) of the respondents drew attention to sweeteners added to food products, especially beverages, sweets, yoghurts, juices, jams, marmalades and confections. Among the different types of food categories with added sweeteners, consumers enumerated primarily pastry products, processed fruit products, dairy and cereal products. The respondents declared that they used sweeteners because of a willingness to reduce the amount of sugar and this was connected with their health and well-being (35%). Moreover, consumers gave the reason for the use of sweeteners as being the less intense sweetness of these substances (13% of respondents) and the desire to lose weight (11% of respondents).
Snacking is a nutrition phenomenon common among the elderly. There are various patterns, motives and circumstances of snacking, and we still need to do more research to discover the nature of its impact on health. Snacking is usually associated with high energetic density and low content of nutrients, and in this context it may result in excess weight and obesity. However, snacking can be also beneficial for health as it supplements daily food intake with energetic components and other nutrients, as well as fluids, which usually have to be supplemented when an elderly person has only three meals a day. When providing guidelines regarding snacking for the elderly, we have to bear in mind that there is no universal solution for everyone. It is necessary to adjust the guidelines to the body weight and its changes, as well as to the condition of health. Generally, reasonable snacking including such products as vegetables, fruit, low-fat dairy products or wholegrain products, may be of practical significance for improving the quality of the diet of the elderly, both living with their families and in some sort of social care institution or nursing home, and finally for improving their general health condition and quality of life.
Stravovací zvyklosti, pohybová aktivita a životni styl významnou měrou ovlivňuji aktuální zdravotní stav jednotlivce. Vitaminy jsou esenciální faktory stravy ovlivňující růst a vývoj organismu. Příjem vitaminů z potravin v období růstu a vývoje lidského organismu je závislý na aktuálních potřebách. Nedostatečný přívod vitaminů ze stravy, omezení vstřebávám vitaminů ze zažívacího traktu, případně nadměrná potřeba vzniklá v průběhu onemocnění, může být příčinou vzniku relativní hypovitaminózy. Konzumace dostatečného množství pestré stravy s přívodem ovoce a zeleniny zabezpečuji za fyziologických situací adekvátní příjm vitaminů.
The aim of this paper is to review current knowledge about the essentiality of trivalent chromium for animal and human nutrition, and its biological function with special reference to its role in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, dietary intake and recommendations.
According to the Commission Recommendation 20005/108/EC further analyses of 15 genotoxic PAHs (listed by The Scientific Committee on Food) in food are necessary. The objective of this research was to study contamination of canned smoked fish products in oil by these 15 PAHs. The material investigated were canned smoked sprats in oil available in Warsaw agglomeration. Both oils from canned food and sprats itself were analysed. Among all products under investigation it was shown that oils derived from canned smoked sprats had statistically significant higher total content of PAHs than sprats from this canned fish product
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