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The studies on biological control of damson-hop aphid (Phorodon humuli Schrank) on Marynka cultivar, using Aphidius colemani and Aphidoletes aphidimyza, were carried out in the hop-garden localised within Hop Experimental Station at Jastków over the years 1998–2000. The efficacy of Aphidius colemani ranged from 5% to 65% and was found sufficient to control damson-hop aphid in the period before flowering i.e. to the middle of July, but it was not sufficient later. The efficacy of Aphidoletes aphidimyza ranged from 50% to above 90% and it was sufficient in one of the examined vegetation seasons. High air temperature and lack of rainfall reduced efficacy of both species, but especially that of Aphidius colemani.
The composition of the hop extract obtained by extraction with liquid C02 under differ­ent conditions has been investigated. The highest yield of extract (9.7%) is obtained at temperature of 18-22°C, pressure of 54-58 atm. and time of 210 min. The extract contains 44.6% of a- and 19.3% of ß-acids and it can be used in brewing.
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Plonowanie chmielu na nowotomyskich glebach lekkich

84%
Соответствующие исследования проводились в 1982 - 1985 гг. в местности Циха Гура около г. Новы Томысль на обводненной песчаной почве причисленной к V-ому бонитационному классу. Участие фракции песка (1,0 - 0,1 мм) в слое 0 - 45 см удерживалось в пределах 82%. Анализ охватывал 4 сорта хмеля и 8 селекционных клонов. Полученные результаты показали, что в данных средовых условиях можно получать высокие урожаи хмеля (около 3,0 т/га) с условием подбора соответствующих сортов. Стандартный сорт Любельски давал самые низкие урожаи среди всех испытуемых сортов. Первые два места с урожаем на около 100% выше стандартного сорта заняли клоны обозначенные как PCU 180 и LGR 380. Дополнительным преимуществом указанных клонов является хорошее технологическое качество сырья, что установлено в сенсорной оценке пива.
The current situation on the global hop market as well as in USA, Germany and Poland were presented in the study. The global hop marked was influenced by the dynamic development of craft breweries. The dominant trend was the increase in hop growing area, especially of aroma cultivars. Currently, the area of aroma cultivars is more than twice as large as bitter ones. The largest producer of aromatic hop are USA (50% of the world production of aroma cultivars), while bitter – Germany (46,8% of the world production of bitter cultivars. Hop acreage in Poland increased and in 2016 it reached 1475 ha, which accounted for 2.7% of the global hop area. Acreage of bitter cultivars in Poland is bigger in comparison with aroma ones.
The simple method of nucleic acids extraction, based on guanidine thiocyanate extraction buffer, was sufficient for obtaining a good templates for RT-PCR. The RT-PCR reactions were performer from the start to the end (both the reverse transcription and the HLVd-cDNA amplification) in the same reaction mixture and in the very small volume of reaction (10 μI). Both pairs of primers designed by authors were good for reverse transcription and later for amplification of the HLVd-cDNA. The presence of gelatin as a stabilizer of DNA polymerase was indispensable for successful performance of RT-PCR.
The aim of the study was determination of selected parameters of immunological response among hop growers and farmers in conditions of intensive exposure to means of plant protection. Survey data was collected from 238 males aged 25-70 living in the area of Wilkow near Pulawy (Lublin Region). Control group were males from the area of Witoszyn (Lublin Region) - 53 people aged 25-70 occupied mainly with land cultivation. Based on an environmental survey conducted among hop growers and farmers, the respondents were divided into 3 age groups: 25-40, 41-55 and 56-70. Laboratory tests covered the determination of selected morphological parameters, phagocytic test, NBT test, and myeloperoxidasis (MPO) concentration in blood serum of hop growers and farmers.A significant decrease was noted in the number of platelets in the general population of hop growers and in individual age groups, compared to the control groups of farmers. Analysis of individual sub-populations of leukocytes showed a significantly higher number statistically of basophils and lymphocytes among hop growers, compared to farmers. A detailed analysis of the degree of phagocytic and bactericidal activity of neutrophils allowed us to presume that during the period of spraying there occured a mobilisation of the granulocytic system, manifested by the presence of over 90% of neutrophils of intensified phagocytic activity, and 20% of neutrophils of intensified bactericidal activity. The preparations prepared by the routine NBT test method were analysed with the use of LUCIA computer programme (version 4.51). The analysis of the level of MPO in blood serum in the populations examined showed the presence of statistically significant differences. In hop growers, the MPO level was significantly higher statistically (60.0 ng/ml), compared to the control group of farmers (43.4 ng/ml).
Leaf samples were collected in the subsequent years (1993-1995) from 24 hop plantations representative of the Lublin region and localised on three soil units: fluvisols, luvisols developed from loamy sands and cambisols. Fully-grown leaves were collected during the vegetation period from the main stem at 7 developmental stages. The highest and the most stable cone yields within 3 years were achieved on fluvisols. Therefore it can be accepted that the contents of the particular components from plantations on this type of soil is close to the optimum. Taking into account the above criteria, it was concluded that plantations localised on loess soil were insufficiently supplied with potassium, but adequately with phosphorus. In turn, hop cultivation situated on loamy sand showed a deficiency in magnesium and calcium but good nutrition with potassium.
The hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is one of the most infected plants by viruses. Preparation of apical meristems in combination with heat therapy was successfuly used for obtaining of virus-free hop plants in various countries in the world. In our experiments we prepared the meristems both before and after the heat therapy. Hop plants regenerated from such meristems were free not only from the thermolabile ILAR-viruses, but in the great number also from the thermostable CARLA - viruses. The method of virus elimination and micropropagation of virus-free plants in vitro, described in this paper, enables to obtain a large number of virus-free plantlets in a short time.
The performed observations indicate the possibility of making the prognosis of the hops harvest basing on the atmospheric conditions. Those data are not publicly presented in Poland. It's serious inconvenience in the hops production planning.
In the hop collection, the accessions of one species - Humulus lupulus L. are gathered. Genetic resources of hop are maintained in the field. Evaluation of accessions covered morphological characteristics and economic traits such as alpha acid content and alpha acid stability during cones storage. In the years 2004-2005, 35 hop cultivars representing aroma and bitter types were evaluated. The examined accessions were characterized by a great variation of morphological traits, particularly the length of lateral shoots. Alpha acid content which is the most important characteristic for brewing industry, fluctuated between 2.4% and 10.6% in aroma cultivars and between 5.4% and 13.9% in bitter hops. A high variability of storage stability of alpha acid content was observed. During six months of storage at room temperature a decrease of alpha acid content fluctuated between 7.4% and 37.8%. Gathered genotypes are a potential source of valuable economic traits which can be used by breeders to release new hybrids with good yield quality and also well adapted to our climatic and soil conditions.
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