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The influence of non-cytopathic and cytopathic strains of M-PI₃ parainfluenza virus on bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) replication was assessed. It was found that enzymatic activity of BLV revertase from FLK cells was 21 471 cpm, 23 127 cpm, 12 406 cpm and 2506 cpm after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, respectively. In FLK cells infected additionally with the cytopathic strain M-PI₃ the number of cpm was lower than in that of control cells (FLK uninfected with M-PI₃) and was 16 367, 17 329, 20 987 and 4637 after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, respectively. The highest activity of BLV revertase from FLK cells infected also with the non-cytopathic strain of M-PI₃ was obtained after 24 and 48 h; the findings were: 26 451 cpm and 28 319 cpm, respectively. This activity after 72 h was 18 952 cpm and after 96 h 3421 cpm. The yield of BLV from FLK cells infected additionally with the non-cytopathic strain M-PI₃ was higher by 37,9 per cent after 24 h p.i. and by 38,8 per cent after 48 h p.i. than in that received from FLK control cels. The results have indicated the synergetic activity of BLV and non-cytopathic M-PI₃ viruses cultivated in FLK cells.
The growth power of different cell lines: calf kidney, heart fibroblasts, thymus and foetal testicles, as well as porcine kidney in 17 types of media prepared on the basis of Hanks, Eagle’s and Parker’s media were studied. The conditions for the preparation of cell suspensions for deep freeze storage and the optimal conditions for cell growth after thawing were determined. The titers and intensity of CPE od FMD virus, type A, О and C, propagated in cell cultures obtained directly after trypsinization and after 6 months of storing the cells in liquid nitrogen (-196°C), were similar in calf kidney cells, pig kidney cells and calf thyroid cells. No cyto-pathic effects were observed in cultures of calf heart and foetal calf testicles infected with FMDV type A, О and C.
2-/4-/2-(4-chlorbenzamido) ethyl/phenoxy/-2-methyl-propionic acid (CBMP) reduced the intensity of cytopathic effect, delayed the time of its appearance for 24—48 hours and finally caused a significant lowering of ТСID₅₀ titer of herpes simplex in monkey kidney cell cultures and of pseudorabies virus in chick embryo cell cultures. On the other hand CBMP did not exert any effect on the multiplication of Roakin strain of NDV in chick embryo cell cultures. The preparation did not inactivate directly the viruses being examined and did not influence their adsorption. It is suggested that antiviral effect of CBMP is due to disordering the lipid metabolism in cells what causes the disturbances of virus envelope synthesis.
Three different strains of NDV and antiviral veterinary vaccines, i.e. Poxvac I, Poxvac K, Canivac F, Lapest and Suivac A, were used as inducers of interferon production. The following cells were used: bovine embryo cells (tracheal and nosopharyngeal epithelium), skin and kidney fibroblasts, MÍDBK cell line and cultures of blood and spleen leukocytes. Of the viruses used, only three strains of NDV, Suivac A and Bayferon were active in the induction of bovine IFN. Synthetic RNA poly: poly C also elicited IFN production in the bovine skin fibroblasts and in blood leukocytes, especially when the cells were treated before induction with low concentrations of interferon („priming”), or when inhibitors of transcription and translation were used for the inhibition of IFN genes repressors synthesis („superinduction”). Superinduction caused a high increase in the final IFN yield, i.e. 5-fold from Bf and 16-fold from bovine leukocytes.
The aims of the study were determining the median cytotoxicity indicate (IC50), nature of cell death (apoptosis/ necrosis), assessment and morphology of changes observed in FAO cell line culture of hepatocytes subjected to ionophore antibiotics, salinomycin and lasalocid, incubations. INVTTOX recommended MTT, NRU and KB cytotoxicity tests were used to research mitochondrial, protein synthesis and cell proliferation. In addition cell staining in order to reveal membrane destruction that established cell death character May-Grunwald & Giemsa staining were also conducted. Cytotoxicity indices (IC50) estimated by the 24 hour MTT test were at a level 2.41 ± 0.29 mM and 7.93 ± 0.01 mM; however, after a 48 hour incubation the values lowered to 0.112739 ± 0.01 mM and 0.59 ± 0.01 mM for salinomycin and lasalocid, respectively. In contrast to the MTT data, that of NRU and KB tests were higher, indicating mitochondria as the main subcellular target for the antibiotic action. The determined IC50 values were positively related to DL50 (the data from references). Hepatocytes death were established to be of an apoptosis nature. Cell morphology was changed from IC50 depending on manner; the lower value of the indicate corresponded to more pronounced cytopathologic findings. Summarizing, monolayer cell cultures of rat hepatocytes proved to serve as a useful model for cytotoxicity studies enabling to indicate subcellular targets for ionophore antibiotics
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