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Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Nepeta nuda subsp. albiflora Boiss. were reported in this study. The ethanol and water extracts of Nepeta nuda subsp. albiflora were prepared and used for biochemical analyses. Antioxidant capacities of the extracts were evaluated by three different in vitro bioanalytical methods including a reducing antioxidant method and two radical scavenging antioxidant methods. The water and ethanol extracts of the plant sample were found to have effective antioxidant potentials. Phenolic content of Nepeta nuda subsp. albiflora was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Rosmarinic acid (182.0±4.5 µg/g), apigenin (84.5±57.6 µg/g), and quercetin (44.5±62.9 µg/g) were identified as major compounds in the ethanol extract of the plant sample. This study has a potential scientific base for further studies about Nepeta nuda subsp. albiflora related to plant biochemistry and plant based pharmacological industry.
The colour pigments of paprika (Capsicum annuun) were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using normal (4 mm I.D.) and microbore (2 mm I.D.) C18 silica columns and gradient elution (water-acetonitrile-methanol). The relative standard deviation of retention times (lower than 1.5%) and that of peak areas (3-5%) were similar for both columns proving the good stability of the HPLC system. The high standard deviation of peak areas may be due to the presence of overlapping peaks. The number of separated pigment fractions was considerably higher on microbore (75) than on normal ODS column (34) proving the superiority of microbore column.
Some chromatographic methods (RP-HPLC) for analyses of different ionic liquids have been developed. The determination methods were suitable for the study of biodegradation of these substances.
Control of brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus was attempted by utilizing sustained release preparations of synthetic analogues of assembly pheromones. The assembly pheromone, in defined ratio, was encapsulated using poly-ɛ-caprolactone by water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. In the in vitro bioassay, percent mortality with test microspheres was 95.6, 64 and 44 among the unfed larvae, unfed nymph and unfed adults respectively, 24 hours post-exposure. Field trials were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of microspheres in luring and killing environmental stages of R. sanguineus in dog houses/kennels. Engorged and unfed stages in the environment were found adhered and dead on the specially designed lure.
The aim of the present review was to describe the application of diode-array detectors for the identification of HPLC-separated chemical compounds on the basis of their UV/Vis spectra. Diode-array detectors serve to identify compounds containing conjugated double bonds, especially aromatic compounds, and to evaluate their purity. This group of compounds includes: peptides and proteins (in that case aromatic amino acid residues are chromophores), anthocyanins and other flavonoids, other phenolic compounds, carotenoids and other dyes. The most simple strategy of interpreting UV/Vis spectra is to determine the location of absorbance maximum in zero order spectra (such a strategy is usually applied in dye analysis). The absorbance ratio at different wavelengths was used to identify and investigate structural changes in proteins and peptides. Chemometrical analysis of zero order spectra provides a basis for evaluating peak purity and choosing the background spectrum. Derivatives of spectra may be characterised via determination of convexity intervals, location of minima of second derivative, calculation of amplitudes of second and third derivatives or similarity indices between derivatives of individual spectra. The possibilities offered by UV/Vis spectroscopy cover, among others, discrimination between spectra of proteins with different contents of aromatic amino acids (mainly tyrosine and tryptophan), as well as discrimination between spectra of anthocyanins containing the same chromophore but different glycosidic moieties.
The present work describes a simplified, and rapid HPLC method for measurement of phenolic acids in plant material. This procedure allows baseline resolution of major phenolic acids commonly found in plants p-hydroxybenzoic, caffeic, syringic, o-coumaric, m-coumaric, p-coumaric, gentisic, ferulic, sinapic, salicylic), it is specific, sensitive, and ensures good reproducibility. The precision and reproducibility obtained using the present approach gave results comparable or better than the more complex, more laborious, and time consuming procedures. The time of HPLC separation of the phenolic acids in the presented procedure was significantly improved by the use of polymer based reverse phase column (PRP-1 column; 4.1 x 150 mm, 5 /µm; Hamilton), and careful attention to the pH of the mobile phase, which allowed turnaround times of approximately 15 min and significantly lower solvent use. The present method allows the possibility for processing of a large number of samples rapidly, efficiently, and at a low cost.
In this paper the content of catechins in black fermented tea, imported to Poland by sea from China, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Malawi and Vietnam, was determined. The material was collected directly from ship cargo holds. An isocratic elution system was applied for the separation of catechins in tea. Extracts were prepared from tea samples and analysed for catechin content by HPLC. Catechin identification from chromatograms of examined tea extracts was performed by comparison of retention times with respective standards purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Chromatographic analysis by HPLC shows that examined tea contained (-)-(EGCG) in highest quantities, ranging from 148.9-292.3 mg/l, as proved by comparative analysis with a chromatogram of catechin standards, based on their retention times. Only Chinese tea contained more (-)-(EGC) - 266.2, and (-)-(EC) - 193.6, than (-)-(EGCG) - 148.9 mg/l.
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Tocopherol content in edible plant oils

75%
Edible vegetable oils were analysed for tocopherols by reversed-phase HPLC. These included refined corn, soybean, sunflower, rapeseed, grapeseed, and peanut oils, and cold-pressed extra-virgin olive, linseed, rapeseed, and sunflower oils. Total measured tocopherol concentrations varied in the range from 121 to 829 mg/kg. The contents of individual α-, (β+γ)-, and δ-tocopherols show a great diversity depending on the kind of oil. Moreover, the effect of photooxidation on the tocopherol content was studied in cold-pressed sunflower and rapeseed oils. These studies revealed only a minor decomposition of tocopherols under visible light.
The aim of the present paper was to determine the content of phenolic compounds in the organic and mineral horizons of forest soils under different tree species. The study involved taking samples from the organic and mineral horizons of forest soils located in the area of the Arboretum in Mlynany, in Slovakia. Phenolic compounds were identified with the chromatographic method (HPLC). The results showed that the content of phenolic compounds identified in the forest soils depended both on the tree species and the soil sampling depth. The Ol subhorizon on the oak stand showed a similar share of vanillyl compounds to the total of syringyl and cinnamyl compounds (52:15:33), while the Ol subhorizons on the spruce and thuja stands identified a considerable advantage of vanillyl compounds. The value of parameter V+S+C, applied as the decomposition indicator of the plant material in the soil, decreased with soil profile depth and thus decreased with an increase in the degree of organic matter humification.
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