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Grapefruit seed extract was discovered by Jacob Harich an american immunologist in 1980. Assessment of the influence of grapefruit extract on the yeast-like fungi strains - Candida albicans growth. Material used in this investigation was ATCC test Candida albicans strains no 10231, 200 of Candida albicans strains, 5 of Candida sp. strains isolated from patients with candidiasis symptoms from different ontocenosis and 12 of dermatophytes and moulds isolated from patients. The susceptibility of the Candida was determined by serial dilution method. It seems that 33% grapefruit extract exert a potent antifungal activity against the yeast like fungi strains and had low activity against dermatophytes and moulds. Further studies in vitro and in vivo on greater number of the yeast-like fungi strains and other fungi species are needed.
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Evaluation of the degree of contamination of diary products with potentially pathogenic fungal strains. Materials for the study were: yoghurt, cottage cheese, homogenised cottage cheese, cream and buttermilk. Differentiation of species was based on their morphological features and biochemical properties (API 20 C bioMerieux). Among 300 studied diary products we have isolated 100 (33,0±2,72%) strains of yeast-like fungi. Diary products were contamined with 19 species of fungi from types: Candida, Geotrichum, Trichosporon, Saccharomyces and Rhodotorula. The highest percentage of fungi was seen in cream (95,7±4,23%), cottage cheese (87,9±5,68%) and kefir (60,0±15,5%). In other studied products the frequency ranged from 13, 1±2,54% to 35,2±6,51 %. Among the isolated fungi the following species prevailed: Geotrichum candidum (18,0±3,84%), Candida lusitaniae (15,0±3,57%) and C. inconspicua (11,0±3,13%).
It has been investigated, with the aid of routine cytochemical methods, whether any changes of the activity of oxydoreductases of G. candidum which has been intluenced by chemical factors affecting its growth, and with which it can contact in human organism or his environment, occur. The factors were: antibacterial antibiotic from tetracycline group /chlortetracycline/, antifungal antibiotic representing polyenes derivatives /nystatine/, heavy metal salt /mercuric chloride/, aniline dye /malachite green/. To evaluate cytochemical preparates in which the fungus ce lis have been classified according to intensity of enzymatic reaction the chi² test has been suggested. It has been proved that all the investigated compounds have significant changes in the fungus metabolism showing in the oxydoreductases activity deviations.
The aim of this study was to analyse, taking into consideration the infection risk factors, the incidcnce of fungal infections occurrence in Medical Intensive Care Units. Yeast-like fungi strains isolated from various clinical materials underwent mycological examination. Mycological diagnosis was performed in compliance with compulsory laboratory methods. The detailed observation concerned patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit by urgent reasons or because of basie disease aggravation, trauma, surgical operations and those with diabetes mellitus. The main etiological fungal infections factor were C. albicans strains. The increased incidence of C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis participation in yeast-like fungi infection pathogenesis was observed. The results presented in this study confirm, that intensive care units patient,. for the reason of fungal infections, make the increased risk group.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of Enizol, a new disinfecting preparation with enilkonazole as the active substance. For both the studies in vitro and in vivo the initial concentration of Enizol was constituted by an aqueous solution of the preparation at a ratio of 1:100. The investigations covered 34 strains of the following mould fungi: A. fumigatus (n=5), A. versicolor (n=3), Penicillium spp. (n=5), Cladosporium spp. (n=4), Scopulariopsis spp. (n=3), Fusarium spp. (n=4), Alternaria spp. (n=5), Mucor spp. (n=5), as well as 10 strains of yeast-like fungi: Candida albicans (n=5) and Candida non-albicans (n=5). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) of Enizol were determined in vitro according to NCCLS M27-A and by a cylinder dilution method. The MIC values for these organisms appeared to be differentiated and ranged from 0.07 µgml-1 (A. versicolor) up to 37.5 µgml⁻¹ (Mucor spp.). A group of extremely sensitive fungi comprised Aspergillus spp. (0.07 - 1.2 µgml⁻¹), Penicillium spp. (0.07 - 1.2 µgml⁻¹) and Alternaria spp. (2.4 µgml⁻¹); Cladosporium spp. genus (4.75 µgml-1) indicated the medium susceptibility toward the inhibitory activity of Enizol, whereas Fusarium spp. (9.5 µgml⁻¹), Mucor spp. (19.0 - 37.5 µgml⁻¹) and Scopulariopsis spp. (19.0 µgml⁻¹) had the lowest values. The antifungal efficacy of the studied preparation is confirmed by its lethal characteristics. The minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFC) were differentiated subject to the species of fungus studied. At the same time the sensitivity of the anascogenic yeast Candida genus was analyzed and consequently the fungi were classified among the organisms relatively resistant to (9.5 µgml⁻¹ MIC, 37.5 µgml⁻¹ MFC) Enizol activity. The studies in vivo confirmed the sensitivity of fimbriate fungi to the preparation and, usually, this was consistent with the tests in vitro. At the same time the antifungal efficacy of Enizol in vivo was demonstrated towards the fungi Candida genus, which indicates its usability as a lethal preparation in an environment where animals stay.
Oceniono 9742 wykonane w latach 1993-1998 posiewy krwi pod kątem udziału ważnych klinicznie grzybów drożdżopodobnych jako czynników etiologicznych fungemii oraz aktualnego stanu oporności wybranej grupy patogenów. Stałej tendencji wzrostowej inwazyjnych kandydemii towarzyszyła zwiększająca się różnorodność gatunkowa badanych szczepów oraz ich wzrastająca oporność na leki przeciwgrzybicze.
We have investigated the hydrolytic activity of 21 species of yeast-like fungi from Candida genus and l species of yeast S. cerevisiae isolated from Sulejów Reservoir water. The activity of hydrolytic enzymes of the studied fungi was different than that of standard strains and also of fungi isolated from patients. This difference demonstrates the capability of the studied fungi to adapt to various environmental conditions.
The objective of the research was to assess the presence of mycotic microbiota on the integument of wild boars and roe-deer, as well as to isolate and identify each species. The research material comprised groin screening swabs collected from 13 wild boars and 56 roe-deer from the Lublin State Forests. The fungi were identified concurrently on the Sabouraud and MLNA medium at 25°C, 32°C and 37°C temperature for 14 days. Initial identification proceeded according to the conventional mycological procedures followed by the application of the commercial API Candida and API 20C Aux (bioMerieux) (Candida genus) tests and the phenotypic scheme developed by Guillot et al. (Malassezia genus). The present research has revealed that mycotic flora was recovered in all a total of 69 examined animals. The most frequently isolated fungi included Penicillium spp., Alternaria spp., Cladosporium spp. and Malassezia spp. and Rhodotorula spp. The species analysis of the isolated fungi has confirmed the presence of potential pathogens, such as Malassezia sympodialis, Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida non-albicans. The obtained results indicate that a population of free-living animals may constitute a critical link in the epidemiologic chain of mycotic infections.
Przebadano w automatycznym systemie BacT/Alert próbki krwi pobrane od pacjentów hospitalizowanych w oddziałach zabiegowych i zachowawczych SP CSK AM w Warszawie. Próbki krwi pobierano od chorych bezpośrednio z żyły lub za pomocą cewnika naczyniowego. Wyhodowano 38 szczepów grzybów drożdżopodobnych z krwi obwodowej i 20 szczepów z krwi pobranej przy użyciu cewnika naczyniowego. Gatunkami dominującymi były: C. albicans, C. glabrata i C. parapsilosis.
Zbadano sto próbek katu pobranego od pacjentów z objawami biegunki poantybiotykowej. Badania przeprowadzono w celu wykrycia szczepów Clostridium difficile, toksyn A/B C. difficile i grzybów. W pięćdziesięciu próbkach kału biegunkowego stwierdzono obecność grzybów, a w 43 próbkach zidentyfikowano szczepy C. difficile i / lub toksyny A/B tego gatunku bakterii. W dwudziestu trzech przypadkach przyczyną schorzenia było prawdopodobnie mieszane zakażenie C. difficile i grzybami drożdżopodobnymi, po#nieważ w próbkach kału wykryto oba drobnoustroje.
The purpose of examinations was defined role of environment of school in interindyvidual transmisions. The yeast and yeast - like fungi isolated from the oral cavity, troat and nose from 270 healthy children, at the age of 6 to 15 years, from country and municipal schools. The frequency of occurrence of fungi in country was higher than in minicipal schools by the resambling biodifferentiation. Totally 13 species belonging to 5 genera were detected in the examined material: Candida, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces, Saccharomycopsis i Trichosporon. Increasing part of S. capsularis was noted in ontocenoses of healthy children. The qualitative and quantitative changes testify about changes of environment. Simultaneously, they inform about timely condition of mycoflora of the examined ontocenosis and surroundings.
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