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The main purpose cf the studies was to evaluate the possibility to replace alive monovalent vaccines with a combined one possessing a wide spectrum of activity. The experiments were carried out on calves (16 animals) in two periods, i.e. in autumn-winter season (group I and Ia) and in spring-summer season (group II and IIa). The group I was given the combined vaccine twice at intervals of 10 days intramuscularly, and group II apart from the vaccine received levamisole 4 times, i.e. before vaccination and at day 3, 10 and 17 after the first dose of the vaccine. The combined vaccine contained an inactivated suspension of the Trichophyton verrucosum and T. mentagrophytes var. granulosum strains, prepared separatelly according to the method described previously (61) and inactivated with formaldehyde. It was found that the combined vaccine elicited a distinct immune response of cellular type. At week 4 after the first dose of the vaccine there was found in all the animals except one a positive result of leukocyte migration inhibition (from 22% to 54%). The increased values of the test lasted for the next two weeks. After 8 weeks they decreased especially in the group of animals that had not received levamisole. A delayed type of hypersensitivity accompanied the positive reactions assessed by the cell migration inhibition test. A drop of lymphocytes producing rosettes took place at day 3 after vaccination, however, at day 10, particularly in the group treated with levamisole, there was observed an increase of the percentage of T lymphocytes (p ≤ 0.001). With the both groups of calves the percentage of T lymphocytes forming E rosettes came back to the state before vaccination at day 17. Fungicidal activity of leukocytes, determined in the same periods of time increased at day 3 following vaccination. However, at day 10 there was observed not only a drop of fungicidal activity but a growth stimulation of the fungus. After 4 weeks fungicidal activity attained the level before vaccination. The challenge trial performed at week 6 after the first dose of the vaccine confirmed a distinct resistance of the animals immunised (tab. 4). The calves treated with the combined vaccine possessed a congenial immunity against the two species of Trichophyton which had been used for experimental infection.
Protozoa and fungi of the oral cavity, although frequently occuring and connected with considerable clinical adverse effects, are as yet insufficiently known. The aims of the study were to estimate the prevalence of common invasions of Trichomonas tenax and fungi, to associate the symptoms with the diagnosis of trichomonosis complicated by mycosis and to determine trichomonacidal properties of ornidazole, tinidazole and metronidazole. 936 dentist patients with different diagnoses were included into the study. The collected material consisted of rinsings, with simultaneous application of selective media, different for protozoa and for fungi cultures. Among the examined patients T. tenax was found in 90 cases including 85 cases where it occurred together with fungi (11 species), on the basis of which the diagnosis of trichomonosomycosis of the oral cavity was established. It was the most often in patients with leukoplakia and Lichen Wilsoni. We received a statistically significant association (0.001
Bacteriological infections and mycoses have recently been on the increase. They are increasingly more difficult to combat because of the ever-rising resistance of the strains to the so-far effective antibiotics. The increase in mycosis cases should not be attributed to health-care factors alone. Agriculture and food-processing industries play a huge part. The authors deal with the strategies deployed in combating fungal pathogens.
It was found that vaccine against skin mycosis Trichovac sensitized considerably strongly albino guinea-pigs to mammalian and avian tuberculins than similar vaccine Bovitrichovac II. In the experiment on 56 young bulls it was found that the vaccination with Bovitrichovac II doesn’t produce non specific hypersensitivity of animals to dose of tuberculins PPD applied in routine examinations of cattle.
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