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The chemical compounds have been reported to be exuded by plants and their inhibitory effects of other plants. The research work was carried out to study the allelopathic effect of root, bark and leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica L. on the seed germination of Abelmoschus esculentus L. Germination studies were conducted in laboratory, the bhendi seeds treated with the root, bark and leaf extracts of Neem. On the seventh day the morphological parameters, photosynthetic pigment and biochemical contents were analysed. The result showed that the rate of germination of bhendi decreased in all Azadirachta indica L. extracts. The reduction in biochemical contents of bhendi was also noted. The highest rate of germination was observed in control (distilled water) treatment and the highest rate of inhibition was observed in root extract followed by bark and leaf extracts.
The focus of this study is based on the egzamination of the germination traits and the development of thermal models of the medicinal plant Salvia leriifolia Benth. A laboratory experiment was carried out at constant temperatures ranging from 0 to 35°C, at 5°C intervals in a completely randomized design with eight replications. To describe the germination rate response to temperature, three regression models, namely Intersected-Lines (ISL), Quadratic Polynomial (QPN) and Five-Parameters Beta (FPB) were used. The highest Germination Percentage (GP) (92.8%) occurred in 15°C, but GP in the range of 10–25°C was not significant (p≤0.05). The germination process stopped at 0°C and at above 30°C. The results indicated that the highest Germination Rate (GR), the lowest Mean Germination Time (MGT) and also times to 50% germination (D50) were obtained at 20°C. Seeds did not reach to their 50% germination level in temperatures higher than 25°C. The FPB model had the best realistic estimation for cardinal temperatures. Based on models estimation, Base (Tb), Optimum (To) and Ceiling (Tc) temperatures were in the ranges of (1–1.9°C), (18.1–20.8°C) and (34.5–38.7°C), respectively.
The aim of the research was finding the best conditions for germination of Chamaenerion angustifolium seeds in a laboratory (light, temperature ranging from 200C to 300C). For two months after the harvest the germination capacity ranged from 40% to 80%. In next months the capacity decreased. In March and April it increased again, reaching as much as 80%. Seven years after the harvest diaspores lose their germination capacity.
This study was carried out to determine storage ability of strawberry pollen at different temperatures for three different strawberry cultivars 'Aliso', 'Brio', and 'Cruz' . Strawberry pollen was stored at room temperature (22 ± 2 oC), +4 0C, -4 0C and -18 0C in stabile humidity conditions. Strawberry pollen was germinated using the hanging drop method in a 20% sucrose solution. Pollen germination rate increased because of low temperature storage. Pollen stored at room temperature and +4 0C, -4 0C, and -18 0C was kept for 8 months, about one year, and 20 months, respectively. Pollen germination rates decreased as the length of storage period increased. The reaction of all cultivars tested on the duration and temperature of storage was similar.
Presence of five carboxypeptidases was found in endosperm of germinating triticale grains, while two of them in scutellum. Changes of their activities during four days of germination suggest that carboxypeptidase II plays an important role at initial stage of germination, while carboxypeptidases I and III - at subsequent stages of the process. High activity of carboxyt peptidase II both in scutellum and endosperm of dry grains accompanied by its decrease during germination, and on the other hand, the appearance of carboxypeptidases I and III activities at the 2nd and 3rd day of the process seems to confirm such functions of these enzymes. Experiments with GA3 indicated that carboxypeptidase I was synthesized in scutellum, and carboxypeptidase III - in aleurone layer. Carboxypeptidases I and II cleave N-CBZ-Phe-Ala, and carboxypeptidase III - N-CBZ-Ala-Met and N-CBZ-Ala-Phe as substrates with the highest rate.
The effect of germination on the rate of formation of some endo- and exohydrolases, important in baking, in rye kernels was examined. Germination of the rye gave increase in a-amylase, endo-b-xylanase, endo-b-glucanase, b-xylosidase, a-arabinosidase, b-glucosidase as well as endo- and exopeptidases activities. The most intensive changes of activities in the group of examined enzymes were observed for a-amylase. b-amylase activity did not significantly increase on germination. The increase of endohydrolases activities in germinating rye kernels was much more markedly compared with activities of exohydrolases.
The main objective of this study was to determine the allelopathic impact of dominant species (Calamagrostis epigeios, Rubus idaeus and Chamaenerion angustifolium) of clear-cuttings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests (Vaccinio-myrtillo Pinetum) on test species germination emphasizing the forest ecosystem establishment. Aqueous extracts of roots and shoots were produced at different growth stages and assayed on germination. Additionally, total concentration of phenols was evaluated photo spectrometrically. Extracts of shoots more strongly inhibited germination than those of roots of all investigated species. The strongest inhibitory effect on germination and the highest phenol contents were documented during the flowering stage rather than in spring and autumn. Accordingly, to mean germination data the declining phytotoxicity sequence of the species was determined: R. idaeus > C. epigeios > Ch. angustifolium. Hence this study implied in allelopathic activity of species a potential suppressive factor that could influence germination and forest regeneration, but field condition studies are necessary.
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